Shirley Chisholm

Shirley Chisholm (1972)

Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm (born November 30, 1924 in Brooklyn , New York City , † January 1, 2005 in Ormond Beach , Florida ) was an American politician and the first African-American MP in the US House of Representatives . She ran for the presidency of one of the two major parties in 1972 as the first woman and first African American woman, but was defeated by George McGovern in the primary .

Career

Chisholm was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1964 to 1968 . In 1968 she was elected as the first black MP to the US House of Representatives. She represented there from January 3, 1969 to January 3, 1983, their constituency in New York State . In the House of Representatives, she was a co-founder of both the Black Caucus and the Women's Caucus . In 1971 she supported the founding of the Congressional Black Caucus , an association of African-American congressmen.

In the 1972 presidential election , Chisholm became the first African American woman to run for nomination as a presidential candidate for the Democratic Party . Their campaign relied heavily on students. However, it could not win the support of leading feminists or the support of African American leaders and was defeated in the primary.

Honors

In 2002 she was listed by Molefi Kete Asante as one of the "100 Greatest African Americans". In 2015, President Barack Obama posthumously awarded Chisholm the Presidential Medal of Freedom .

literature

• Barbara Winslow: Shirley Chisholm: Catalyst for Change. Westview Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0813347691 .
• Chisholm, Shirley , in: Jenny Uglow , Maggy Hendry: Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography . London: Macmillan, 1999 (3rd edition), ISBN 0333725735 , p. 123

Web links

Commons : Shirley Chisholm  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Shirley Chisholm in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (English)
• Chisholm, Shirley Anita. In: History.House.gov (English)
• Shirley Chisholm. In: Encyclopedia Britannica , May 4, 1999 (English; updated several times)
• Shirley Chisholm. In: National Women's History Museum (English)
• Claytee D. White: Chisholm, Shirley (1924-2005). In: Black Past (English)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Walter Ray Watson: A Look Back On Shirley Chisholm's Historic 1968 House Victory. In: National Public Radio , November 6, 2018.
2. ↑ Jackson Landers, “Unbought And Unbossed:” When a Black Woman Ran for the White House. In: Smithsonian Magazine , April 25, 2016.
3. ↑ x For the entire section Black Americans in Congress: Creation and Evolution of the Congressional Black Caucus. In: History, Art & Archives , House of Representatives.
4. ↑ Jackson Landers, “Unbought And Unbossed:” When a Black Woman Ran for the White House. In: Smithsonian Magazine , April 25, 2016; Laila Kazmi: Shirley Chisholm: Trailblazer in American Politics. In: KTCS9.com , February 1, 2017.