Aretha Franklin
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Aretha Louise Franklin (* 25. March 1942 in Memphis , Tennessee ; † 16th August 2018 in Detroit , Michigan ) was an American Soul - singer , songwriter and pianist . Because of its outstanding importance for soul music, it is also called "First Lady of Soul" or " Queen of Soul ". Her musical spectrum also included R&B , gospel , jazz , pop and dance .
Live and act
Childhood and youth
Aretha Franklin was born on March 25, 1942 in Memphis, Tennessee. Her father, Clarence LaVaughn Franklin, was a well-known Baptist minister . Aretha grew up with four siblings in the industrial metropolis Detroit (US state Michigan ). Through her father, she came into contact with music at an early age. She sang with her two sisters Carolyn and Erma in the choir of her father's New Bethel Baptist Church. Well-known musicians and singers such as Mahalia Jackson , Sam Cooke , Clara Ward and the Ward Sisters attended the services. Aretha took singing and piano lessons from the composer and gospel singer James Cleveland .
Career
In 1956 her first LP was released, a gospel album . At the age of 18, she began recording pop music in addition to gospel . In 1960, Columbia Records released their first pop record. Although the LP was unsuccessful, it opened up a new career as a club singer for her. In 1967 she moved to Atlantic Records . There she made the breakthrough with her first single: I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You) , which was recorded together with Do Right Woman, Do Right Man at Rick Hall's FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals (Alabama) , sold over a million times.
At the end of the 1960s she became one of the icons of black music and was nicknamed "Queen of Soul". Their number one hit Respect from 1967 became an anthem of the Afro-American civil rights movement and soon became one of the most important soul classics. Die Zeit referred to the song as the "Manifesto of the black liberation struggle". The theme of the song also made Respect an anthem for the women's movement .
After appearing in the film Blues Brothers , she moved to Arista Records in 1980 . There she was able to build on earlier successes with further number one hits and Grammys . Her most successful albums were Jump to It (produced by Luther Vandross ), Who's Zoomin 'Who (produced by Narada Michael Walden ) and A Rose Is Still a Rose . In her Arista years she recorded many duets, including I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) with George Michael , Sisters Are Doin 'It for Themselves with the Eurythmics , Gimme Your Love with James Brown and Through the Storm with Elton John . In 1986 Jumpin 'Jack Flash , recorded with Keith Richards , appeared on the album Aretha . In 1998 she stepped in for Luciano Pavarotti and sang Puccini's opera arie Nessun dorma . In 2003 she ended her collaboration with the Arista Records label and founded her own Aretha label. In 2008 her first Christmas album This Christmas Aretha was released . In 2011, A Woman Falling Out of Love appeared on her own label, Aretha's Records . Shortly afterwards she returned to a big label and in 2014 released a cover album on RCA Records with pop and soul classics, such as the song Nothing Compares 2 U, written by Prince .
Aretha Franklin held the record for most singles in the US charts for a long time and was one of the artists with the most sold records in the world. She supported a number of charities and political activists, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Special Olympics .
Aretha Franklin had been extremely afraid of flying since an incident in 1984 , which is why she has only appeared in North America since the mid-1980s. In 1983 she last visited Europe. In 1999 her autobiography From These Roots was published .
Private life
Franklin had their first son Clarence at the age of twelve and a second son Edward at the age of fourteen. From 1961 to 1969 she was married to Ted White, who was also her manager. He is the father of her son Ted Jr., born in 1964. After separating from White, she had a fourth son, Kecalf, with her tour manager Ken Cunningham. From 1978 to 1984 she was married to actor Glynn Turman .
In 2010 she was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Aretha Franklin died on August 16, 2018, at the age of 76, from cancer, a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas.
Discography
Studio albums
| year | title |
Top ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements (Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes) |
Remarks | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 DE
|
 AT
|
 CH
|
 UK
|
 US
|
R&B
|
|||
| 1962 | The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin | - | - | - | - |
US69 (12 weeks) US |
- | |
| 1965 | Runnin 'Out of Fools | - | - | - | - |
US84 (13 weeks) US |
R&B9 (1 week) R&B |
|
| Yeah !!! | - | - | - | - |
US101 (8 weeks) US |
R&B8 (4 weeks) R&B |
Live album
|
|
| 1966 | Soul sister | - | - | - | - |
US132 (4 weeks) US |
R&B8 (8 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1967 | I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You | - | - | - |
UK36 (2 weeks) UK |
US2 (79 weeks) US |
R&B1 (66 weeks) R&B |
# 84 of the 500 best albums of all time (Rolling Stone) ; All- TIME 100 album
|
| Aretha Arrives | - | - | - | - |
US5  (41 weeks)US |
R&B1 (28 weeks) R&B |
||
| Take a look at Aretha Franklin | - | - | - | - |
US173 (8 weeks) US |
R&B22 (4 weeks) R&B |
compilation
|
|
| 1968 | Lady Soul |
DE18 (12 weeks) DE |
- | - |
UK25 (18 weeks) UK |
US2 (52 weeks)US |
R&B1 (53 weeks) R&B |
# 85 of the 500 best albums of all time (Rolling Stone)
|
| Aretha Now |
DE26 (24 weeks) DE |
- | - |
UK6 (11 weeks) UK |
US3 (35 weeks)US |
R&B1 (35 weeks) R&B |
||
| 1969 | Aretha in Paris | - | - | - | - |
US13 (20 weeks) US |
R&B2 (21 weeks) R&B |
recorded live on May 7th, 1968 at the Olympia
|
| Aretha Franklin: Soul '69 | - | - | - | - |
US15 (32 weeks) US |
R&B1 (32 weeks) R&B |
||
| Aretha Franklin: Soul '69 | - | - | - | - | - |
R&B29 (9 weeks) R&B |
||
| 1970 | This Girl's in Love with You | - | - | - | - |
US17 (30 weeks) US |
R&B2 (31 weeks) R&B |
|
| Spirit in the Dark | - | - | - | - |
US25 (22 weeks) US |
R&B2 (26 weeks) R&B |
||
| 1971 | Aretha Live at Fillmore West | - | - | - | - |
US7th (34 weeks)US |
R&B1 (37 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1972 | Young, Gifted & Black | - | - | - | - |
US11 (31 weeks)US |
R&B2 (27 weeks) R&B |
Grammy (R&B Vocal Female)
|
| Amazing grace | - | - | - | - |
US7th  × 2
(23 weeks)US |
R&B2 (19 weeks) R&B |
recorded and filmed live at the New Temple Missionary Baptist Church in Los Angeles
Grammy (Soul Gospel); Grammy Hall of Fame |
|
| 1973 | Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky) | - | - | - | - |
US30 (20 weeks) US |
R&B2 (21 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1974 | Let me in your life | - | - | - | - |
US14 (25 weeks) US |
R&B1 (38 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1975 | With Everything I Feel in Me | - | - | - | - |
US57 (13 weeks) US |
R&B6 (12 weeks) R&B |
|
| You | - | - | - | - |
US83 (11 weeks) US |
R&B9 (14 weeks) R&B |
||
| 1976 | Sparkle | - | - | - | - |
US18th (24 weeks)US |
R&B1 (29 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1977 | Sweet Passion | - | - | - | - |
US49 (19 weeks) US |
R&B6 (23 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1978 | Almighty Fire | - | - | - | - |
US63 (11 weeks) US |
R&B12 (13 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1979 | La Diva | - | - | - | - |
US146 (6 weeks) US |
R&B25 (10 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1980 | Aretha | - | - | - | - | - |
R&B6 (37 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1981 | Love All the Hurt Away | - | - | - | - |
US36 (17 weeks) US |
R&B4 (23 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1982 | Jump to It | - | - | - | - |
US23 (30 weeks)US |
R&B1 (38 weeks) R&B |
Producer: Luther Vandross
|
| 1983 | Get it right | - | - | - | - |
US36 (18 weeks) US |
R&B4 (26 weeks) R&B |
Producer: Luther Vandross
|
| 1985 | Who's Zoomin 'Who? |
DE46 (16 weeks) DE |
- |
CH21 (8 weeks) CH |
UK49  (12 weeks)UK |
US13 (51 weeks)US |
R&B3 (51 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1986 | Aretha |
DE45 (3 weeks) DE |
- |
CH23 (3 weeks) CH |
UK51 (13 weeks) UK |
US32 (39 weeks)US |
R&B7 (39 weeks) R&B |
Grammy (R&B Vocal Female)
|
| 1987 | One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism | - | - | - | - |
US106 (16 weeks) US |
R&B25 (22 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1989 | Through the storm |
DE61 (10 weeks) DE |
- |
CH19 (5 weeks) CH |
UK46 (1 week) UK |
US55 (18 weeks) US |
R&B21 (26 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1991 | What You See Is What You Sweat | - |
AT34 (2 weeks) AT |
CH26 (6 weeks) CH |
- |
US153 (7 weeks) US |
R&B28 (20 weeks) R&B |
|
| 1998 | A rose is still a rose | - |
AT46 (2 weeks) AT |
CH36 (6 weeks) CH |
- |
US30th (15 weeks)US |
R&B7 (22 weeks) R&B |
|
| VH1 Divas Live |
DE39 (10 weeks) DE |
AT11 (12 weeks) AT |
CH11 (14 weeks) CH |
- |
US21 (20 weeks) US |
- | ||
| 2003 | So damn happy | - | - | - | - |
US33 (11 weeks) US |
R&B11 (29 weeks) R&B |
|
| 2008 | This Christmas Aretha | - | - | - | - |
US102 (7 weeks) US |
- | |
| 2011 | A Woman Falling Out of Love | - | - | - | - |
US54 (2 weeks) US |
R&B15 (10 weeks) R&B |
|
| 2014 | Sings the Great Diva Classics | - | - |
CH30 (2 weeks) CH |
UK32 (2 weeks) UK |
US13 (6 weeks) US |
R&B3 (14 weeks) R&B |
|
gray hatching : no chart data available for this year
Movie and TV
Aretha Franklin starred in the feature film Blues Brothers (1980) and his sequel Blues Brothers 2000 (1998).
In a commercial for the Snickers chocolate bar brand for German television (2010), Franklin played a diva. The spot filmed by director Craig Gillespie and cameraman Emmanuel Lubezki for BBDO New York was also available in a modified form in the USA. There Franklin played alongside Liza Minnelli , who played a man who had become a diva. In 2015, Franklin appeared in the American Express credit card commercial , in which she shared her life.
In 1972 Franklin recorded the live album Amazing Grace on two evenings : It was created in the atmosphere of a live concert with an audience at the New Temple Missionary Baptist Church in Los Angeles. The recordings were filmed by a film team led by director Sydney Pollack . Due to a technical error, however, the audio and video tracks could not be synchronized and the film project was abandoned. When digital solutions finally allowed it to be completed, Aretha Franklin refused permission to perform. It was only after her death that the documentary Aretha Franklin: Amazing Grace could be shown with the consent of her family. It premiered on November 12, 2018 at the DOC NYC Documentary Film Festival in New York City .
Honors
Franklin has received numerous music awards, including 18 Grammy Awards . She received the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance eleven times. She is one of the performers with the highest number of records sold worldwide .
- In 1968 she received the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance .
- In 1986, the Michigan State Parliament named her National Resource vote . On January 3, 1987, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , founded a year earlier, as the first woman .
- In 1990 she received the Grammy Living Legends Award .
- In 1993 she sang on the occasion of the inauguration of President Bill Clinton .
- In 1994 she received the Lifetime Achievement Award .
- Franklin received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush in 2005 .
- For her duet with Mary J. Blige , Aretha Franklin received her 18th Grammy Award at the 50th Grammy Awards in spring 2008.
- In the list published in 2008 by the music magazine Rolling Stone's The 100 Best Singers of All Time , Franklin ranked first. In a similar list in 2004 she was ranked ninth of the 100 greatest musicians of all time, the highest ranking by a female artist.
- On January 20, 2009, she sang to about two million people on the occasion of the inauguration of US President Barack Obama .
- In 2012 she was inducted into the Gospel Music Association 's Gospel Music Hall of Fame .
- On July 12, 2014, an asteroid was named after her: (249516) Aretha .
- In 2019 she received a Pulitzer Award posthumously .
literature
- Mark Bego: Aretha Franklin - Queen of Soul. Edel, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8419-0121-7 .
- Linda Solomon: The Queen Next Door: Aretha Franklin, an Intimate Portrait. Wayne State University Press, Detroit 2019, ISBN 978-0-8143-4728-7 .
Web links
- Works by and about Aretha Franklin in the catalog of the German National Library
- Aretha Franklin in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Aretha Franklin at Discogs (English)
- Website about Aretha Franklin (English)
- Aretha Franklin: Queen of soul. In: BBC , March 23, 2004 (English)
- Biography on Rolling Stone (English)
- Respect on YouTube
Individual evidence
- ^ Douglas Wolk and David Browne: Aretha Franklin, Queen of Soul, Dead at 76. In: Rolling Stone . August 16, 2018, accessed on August 17, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c Aretha Franklin in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- ↑ Dartunorro Clark: How Aretha Franklin wurde Queen of Soul. In: NBC News. August 16, 2018, accessed on July 7, 2020 .
- ↑ Christian Staas: Aretha Franklin: A little RESPECT. In: Die Zeit , August 29, 2015.
- ^ Sheila Weller: The Untold History of Aretha Franklin's Irrevocable "Respect". In: Elle , April 8, 2016 (English).
- ↑ Billy Heller: Aretha Franklin's secret life at Walmart. In: New York Post , June 4, 2014 (English).
- ↑ a b Artist: Aretha Franklin. In: Grammy.com (English).
- ↑ Interview , The Webdy Williams Show, March 2011, YouTube , from minute 2:00, accessed on August 16, 2011.
- ↑ Alex Johnson: Aretha Franklin's handwritten wills, if real, shed light on a titanic - and complicated - life. In: NBC. May 22, 2019, accessed on August 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Isabel Jones: Inside Aretha Franklin's Complicated Family History. In: Instyle.com. Meredith Beauty Group, August 13, 2018, accessed August 8, 2020 .
- ↑ David Ritz: Respect: The Life of Aretha Franklin. Little, Brown and Company, New York 2014, ISBN 9780316196833 , pp. 58-59.
- ↑ Aretha Franklin, "Queen of Soul," is dead at 76. CBS News , August 16, 2018, accessed August 16, 2018 .
- ^ The Agonizingly Slow Progress Against The Cancer That Killed Aretha Franklin. In: forbes.com . August 16, 2018, accessed on August 17, 2018 .
- ↑ Chart sources: DE AT CH UK US US R&B albums US R&B singles
- ↑ Silke Joosten: BBDO & SNICKERS prove that you are not yourself when you are hungry ( memento from September 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: BBDO.de , August 13, 2010.
- ↑ Video on YouTube .
- ↑ Katharina Granzin: Film "Aretha Franklin: Amazing Grace": Singing from another dimension . In: The daily newspaper: taz . November 28, 2019, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de ).
- ↑ Amazing Grace (2018) - Release Info. In: IMDb. Retrieved April 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: Soul singer Aretha Franklin is dead
- ↑ Great Names: Aretha Franklin. In: Hamilton.edu (English), April 5, 2008 (English).
- ^ A b Analysis by Saba Hamedy, CNN: Aretha Franklin and the US presidents: A look back . In: CNN . ( cnn.com [accessed August 16, 2018]).
- ↑ https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/aretha-franklin
- ↑ 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. In: Rolling Stone , December 2, 2010 (English); 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In: Rolling Stone , December 2, 2010 (English).
- ^ Passauer Neue Presse: Aretha Franklin posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize. Retrieved April 16, 2019 .
- ↑ The 2019 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Special Awards and Citations , accessed April 16, 2019
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Franklin, Aretha |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Franklin, Aretha Louise (full name); Lady Soul |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American soul singer, songwriter and pianist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 25, 1942 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Memphis , Tennessee |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 16, 2018 |
| Place of death | Detroit , Michigan |