Mehmed I.

Mehmed I., Ottoman miniature of the 16th century

Sultan Çelebi Mehmed (* 1389 in Bursa ; † May 26, 1421 in Adrianople ) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421. After the turmoil of the Interregnum , he managed to restore Ottoman rule.

government

Mehmed I. Çelebi was the son of Yıldırım Bayezid who emerged victorious from the fratricidal struggle for the succession of his father, who was dethroned in 1402.

His reign is a phase of consolidation for the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed had to put down various uprisings. The most important were the uprising of Sheikh Bedreddin , the former army judge of Musa Çelebi, and another uprising by Düzme Mustafa , who was temporarily supported by Byzantium and who claimed to be a brother of the Sultan.

Mehmed I signed a peace treaty with the Venetians after the first sea battle of the Ottoman Empire against the Venetians was lost.

The beylik of the Candaroğulları became a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.

Mehmed I. died at the age of only 32 years. According to a source, he is said to have suffered an epileptic fit while riding and fell from his horse. His eldest son Murad took over the throne.

The hiding of the death of sultans, which was practiced time and again by the Ottomans for reasons of state, has been handed down here in great detail. The grand viziers wanted to prevent another fratricidal war and brought Mehmed's son Murad over before the army learned of the sultan's death. But Mehmed wanted to see this, so they put the imperial robes on the deceased and put him on the throne. The fraud succeeded.

The Yeşil Camii in Bursa, the "Green Mosque", built by Haci İvaz in 1420 , is one of the masterpieces of early Ottoman architecture - the client for its construction was Mehmed I. The Green Mosque takes its name from the beautiful faience in the interior. The remains of the sultan rest in the green mausoleum near the mosque.

literature

• Hans-Joachim Kissling: Mehmed I. . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 3. Munich 1979, p. 136 f.
• Ferenc Majoros, Bernd Rill: The Ottoman Empire 1300-1922. The story of a great power . Marix, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-937715-25-8 .
• Josef Matuz: The Ottoman Empire. Baseline of its history . 4th edition. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-20020-9 .
• Gabriel Effendi Noradounghian : Recueil d'actes internationaux de l'Empire Ottoman 1300–1789. Tome I. Paris, Neufchâtel 1897. Reprint: Kraus, Nendeln 1978, ISBN 3-262-00527-4 .

Web links

Commons : Mehmed I.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• http://www.tuerkenbeute.de/kun/kun_bio/Mehmet1_de.php Badisches Landesmuseum, Karlsruhe: Mehmed I.

predecessor	Office	successor
Bayezid I.	Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1413–1421	Murad II