Melocactus caroli-linnaei
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Melocactus caroli-linnaei |
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Melocactus caroli-linnaei is a species of the genus Melocactus in the cactus family(Cactaceae). The specific epithet caroli-linnaei honors the Swedish naturalist Carl von Linné .
description
Melocactus caroli-linnaei grows with green, cylindrical shoots and reaches heights of up to 1 meter. There are ten to 15 ribs . The strong yellowish to brownish, ten to twelve, occasionally more, thorns are 3 to 5 centimeters long. The very dense, long protruding, strong bristles of the cephalium completely cover the wool with the exception of the cephalium tip.
The narrow, cylindrical red flowers are up to 4 inches long. The club-shaped red fruits reach a length of up to 5 centimeters.
Spread and endangerment
Melocactus caroli-linnaei is common in Jamaica .
In the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN is the species as " Near Threatened (NT) ", d. H. listed as low risk.
Systematics
It was first described as Cactus melocactus in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . He characterized the species as "CACTUS subrotundus quatuordecim-angularis", cactus somewhat disc-round, 14-sided. When Heinrich Friedrich Link and Christoph Friedrich Otto described the new genus Melocactus in 1827 , they made Linnés Cactus mammillaris a synonym for Melocactus communis (WTAiton) Link & Otto , one of the species of the genus that they accepted. Melocactus communis in the sense of Link and Otto is a mixture of the two species Melocactus intortus and Melocactus caroli-linnaei, which are only found in the Caribbean, as well as the widespread Melocactus curvispinus . In 1922, Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose restricted the use of the name Cactus melocactus to the species found in Jamaica in their work The Cactaceae .
Hermann Karsten introduced the species in 1882 as Melocactus melocactus in the genus Melocactus . However, this tautonym is not permitted under Article 23.4 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (nomen illegitimum). As part of his revision of the Central and South American melocactus species, Nigel Paul Taylor then introduced the new name Melocactus caroli-linnaei in 1991 . Since the original type specimen has not been preserved and, in his opinion, the images mentioned in Linnaeus refer to plants not originating in Jamaica, he assigned a specimen kept in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew as a neotype of the species. However, this allocation is not undisputed. In 1993, Roy Mottram suggested an illustration from the third edition of Joseph Pitton de Tournefort's Institutiones rei herbariae as a lectotype , which, however, was not mentioned by Linnaeus. In 1994 Paul V. Heath designated an illustration from Charles de l'Ecluse's Exoticorum , published in 1605, as the lectotype of the species.
proof
literature
- Edward F. Anderson : The Great Cactus Lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 424 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 41.
- ↑ Melocactus caroli-linnaei in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Listed by: Taylor, NP, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . Volume 1, pp. 466, 1753, online .
- ↑ HF Link, F. Otto: About the genera Melocactus and Echinocactus, together with description and illustration of the in Königl. botanical garden near Berlin . In: Negotiations of the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States . Volume 3, 1827, pp. 417-418 (on-line) .
- ^ Nigel P. Taylor: The Genus Melocactus (Cactaceae) in Central and South America . In: Bradleya . Volume 9, 1991, p. 2.
- ^ NL Britton, JN Rose: The Cactaceae . Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . Washington 1922, Volume III, pp. 121-225 (online) .
- ^ Hermann Karsten: German flora. Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Botany. A plan of systematic botany for self-study for doctors, pharmacists and botanists . JM Spaeth, Berlin 1882, p. 888 (online) .
- ^ Nigel P. Taylor: The Genus Melocactus (Cactaceae) in Central and South America . In: Bradleya . Volume 9, 1991, p. 78.
- ↑ Document K000251509 in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (accessed November 28, 2011).
- ^ Cactus melocactus in the Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project (accessed November 28, 2011).
- ^ Roy Mottram: (1071) Proposal to Change the Conserved Type of Cactaceae, nom. cons., and the Entries of the Conserved Names Mammillaria and Melocactus . In: Taxon . Volume 42, Number 2, 1993, pp. 457-464 (JSTOR) .
- ^ Joseph Pitton de Tournefort: Institutiones rei herbariae . Volume 3, 3rd edition, Leiden 1719, plate 425 .
- ^ Paul V. Heath: The invalidity of Melocactus caroli-linnaei Taylor . In: Calyx . Volume 4, Number 3, 1994, pp. 90-91.
- ^ Charles de l'Ecluse: Exoticorvm Libri Decem Quibus Animalium, Plantarum, Aromatum, aliorumque peregrinorum Fructuum historiæ describuntur . 1605 (illustration of Echinomelocactos) .
