Marwanids

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Dominion of the Marwanids (990-1085)

The Marwanids ( Kurdish Merwanî , Arabic مروانيون, DMG Marwānīyūn ) were a Kurdish dynasty in northern Iraq and southeastern Anatolia that ruled from 990 to 1096.

With the weakening of Buyid power after the death of Adud ad-Daula after 983, the Kurdish tribe of the Marwan under Badh, a former shepherd, gained control over Mayyafariqin and the areas of Amida and Nusaybin . Later Badh marched against Mosul and took it. At Mosul he was able to defeat an army of the Hamdanids and the Buyids. But an attack on Baghdad failed. Badh retired to Mayyafariqin and became a vassal of the Hamdanids. Instead he kept the conquered areas ( Tur Abdin and the northern Jazira ). When the Buyide Samsam ad-Daula died in 990, the Hamdanids tried to recapture the territories lost to Badh. Badh died in a defensive battle near Tur Abdin.

The next three rulers of the Marwanids were all nephews of the Badh, albeit from different sisters of Badh. Under Abu Mansur (997-1011) and Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad (1011-1061) the dynasty reached its climax. The economic boom of the principality was represented by heavy building activity in the cities. Art and science were also strongly promoted. Ahmad had good relations with the great powers of the time and received the title Nasr al-Dawla (State Helper) from the Caliph and Izz al-Dawla (Glory of the State) from the Fatimid ruler Abu Ali Mansur . He also had contacts with the Byzantine emperor. These relationships greatly strengthened Nasr al-Dawla's position.

In 1071, the Marwanids had to submit to the Seljuks when, after the death of Nasr ad-Daula Ahmad, power struggles broke out within the dynasty and this led to the weakening of the Marwanids. The Seljuks expelled the dynasty from Diyarbakır in 1084 and overthrew it for good in 1096.

The rulers of the Marwanids were:

  1. Abu Shuja 'Badh ibn Dustak (983-990)
  2. al-Hasan ibn Marwan (990-997)
  3. Mumahhid ad-Daula Sa'id (997-1010)
  4. Sharwin ibn Muhammad (1010), usurper
  5. Nasr ad-Daula Ahmad ibn Marwan (1011-1061)
  6. Nizam ad-Daula Nasr (1061-1079)
  7. Nasir ad-Daula Mansur (1079-1085)

literature

  • Thomas Ripper: The Marwānids of Diyār Bakr: A Kurdish Dynasty in the Islamic Middle Ages . Verlag Ergon, Würzburg 2000, ISBN 978-3-933563-46-0
  • Paul M. Cobb in: The New Cambridge History of Islam . Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 249 f.

Web links