United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
UNTSO | |
---|---|
operation area | Israel , Arab states |
German name | United Nations Armistice Monitoring Organization |
English name | United Nations Truce Supervision Organization |
French name | Organizations of Nations unies chargé de la surveillance de la trêve |
Based on UN resolution | 50 (May 29, 1948) |
Beginning | June 11, 1948 |
The End | ongoing |
management | Major General (f) Kristin Lund |
Deaths | 51 |
The United Nations Truce Supervision Organization ( UNTSO , German: Organization of the United Nations for Monitoring the Armistice ), founded in 1948, is an ongoing peacekeeping mission of the United Nations to maintain the armistice in the Middle East . It emerged from UN Resolution 50 of the UN Security Council passed on May 29, 1948 .
background
Due to the strong unrest after the establishment of Israel on May 14, 1948, the UN Security Council called on the Israeli and Arab warring parties to a ceasefire that same month. To enforce this, he sent the UNTSO military observer mission, the deployment of which was approved by both sides. The first UN peacekeeping forces reached the area after the Palestinian War in 1949 . As a result, repeated attempts were made to extend the short-term truce. This is still the task of the mission today, which now extends to Egypt , Israel, Jordan , Lebanon and Syria .
During the wars of 1956, 1967 and 1973, the tasks hardly changed. As a result of the Yom Kippur War in October 1973 and the subsequent separation agreements between Israel and Egypt and Syria, the tasks of the UNTSO changed. Since then, the observers have been integrated into the UNDOF on the Golan Heights, in Ismailia (Egypt) and in UNIFIL in Lebanon. The offices are in Jerusalem, Beirut and Damascus.
Participating countries
Argentina , Australia , Belgium , Bhutan , Chile , People's Republic of China , Denmark , Estonia , Fiji , Finland , France , Gambia , India , Ireland , Canada , Nepal , New Zealand , Netherlands , Norway , Austria , Poland , Russian Federation , Sweden , Switzerland , Serbia , Slovak Republic , Slovenia , United States of America .
Personnel, budget, losses
- Personnel: 157 military observers (supported by 88 international and 135 local civilians). The UN mandate allows up to 259 military observers.
- Chief of Staff: Major General Kristin Lund of the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret).
- Budget: $ 74.29 million (twin budget 2014-2015)
- Casualties: 18 servicemen, 18 military observers, 8 international civilians, 6 local civilians
(all information as of October 31, 2014)
Commanders (Chief of Staff) of UNTSO
Surname | Country of origin | Beginning of the appointment | End of appointment | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Colonel Thord Bonde | Sweden | May 1948 | July 1948 | |
Major General Åge Lundström | Sweden | July 1948 | Sep 1948 | |
Lieutenant General William E. Riley | United States | Sep 1948 | July 1953 | |
Major General Vagh Bennike | Denmark | July 1953 | Aug 1954 | |
Lieutenant General Eedson Louis Millard Burns | Canada | Aug 1954 | Nov 1956 | |
Colonel Byron V. Leary | United States | Nov 1956 | March 1958 | |
Lieutenant General Carl von Horn | Sweden | March 1958 | July 1960 | |
Colonel RW Rickert | United States | July 1960 | Dec 1960 | |
Lieutenant General Carl von Horn | Sweden | Jan. 1961 | May 1963 | |
Lieutenant General Odd Bull | Norway | May 1963 | July 1970 | |
Lieutenant General Ensio Siilasvuo | Finland | July 1970 | Oct 1973 | |
Colonel Richard Bunworth | Ireland | Oct 1973 | March 1974 | |
Major General Bengt Liljestrand | Sweden | March 1974 | Aug 1975 | |
Colonel Keith D. Howard | Australia | Sep 1975 | Dec 1975 | |
Major General Emmanuel Erskine | Ghana | Jan. 1976 | March 1978 | |
Lieutenant General William O'Callaghan | Ireland | Apr. 1978 | June 1979 | |
Colonel O. Forsgren | Sweden | June 1979 | Jan. 1980 | |
Major General Erkki R. Kaira | Finland | Feb. 1980 | Feb 1981 | |
Major General Emmanuel Erskine | Ghana | Feb 1981 | May 1986 | |
Lieutenant General William O'Callaghan | Ireland | May 1986 | June 1987 | |
Lieutenant General Martin O. Vadset | Norway | June 1987 | Oct 1990 | |
Major General Hans Christensen | Finland | Oct 1990 | Oct 1992 | |
Major General Krisna Thapa | Nepal | Oct 1992 | Dec 1993 | Later also Force Commander UNIKOM |
Colonel John Fisher | New Zealand | Dec 1993 | Apr. 1994 | |
Colonel Luc Bujold | Canada | Apr. 1994 | June 1995 | |
Colonel Jaakko Oksanen | Finland | June 1995 | Sep 1995 | |
Major General Rufus Kupolati | Nigeria | Sep 1995 | March 1998 | |
Major General Tim Ford | Australia | April 1998 | March 2000 | |
Major General Franco Ganguzza | Italy | Apr 2000 | March 2000 | |
Major General Carl Dodd | Ireland | March 2000 | Sep 2004 | |
Major General Clive Lilley | New Zealand | Nov 2004 | Nov 2006 | |
Major General Ian Gordon | Australia | Nov 2006 | Feb 2008 | |
Major General Robert Mood | Norway | Feb 2008 | Apr. 2011 | |
Major General Juha Kilpiä | Finland | May 2011 | June 2013 | |
Major General Michael Finn | Ireland | July 2013 | July 2015 | |
Major General Dave Gawn | New Zealand | Sep 2015 | July 2017 | |
Major General (f) Kristin Lund | Norway | Oct 2017 | officiating | Previously Force Commander UNIFCYP . |
See also
Web links
- Official website of the UNTSO (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Text (Word document)
- ↑ https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2017-10-06/major-general-kristin-lund-norway-head-mission-and
- ↑ Official UNTSO COSs gallery ( Memento from May 7, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Australian peacekeeping veteran set to head UN's oldest peacekeeping mission. In: https://news.un.org/ . DPKO, November 14, 2006, accessed on October 19, 2018 .
- ^ Norwegian to head UN observers in the ME . In: The Norway Post , January 14, 2009. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved on April 6, 2012.
- ↑ Ban appoints Irish major general to head up UN's oldest peacekeeping mission . In: UN News Center , June 18, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
- ↑ https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sga1582.doc.htm
- ↑ https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sga1764.doc.htm