Mesa 3D

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mesa 3D
Basic data

Maintainer VMware (previously Tungsten Graphics)
developer Brian Paul
Publishing year August 1993
Current  version 20.1.2
( June 24, 2020 )
operating system unix-like , e.g. B. BSD , Linux
programming language u. a. C , C ++ and assembler
category Graphics library
License MIT license
German speaking No
mesa3d.org
Mesa DRI and Gallium3D have different models of device drivers; however, both share large amounts of free source code
Representation of the Linux graphics stack

Mesa 3D is a free graphics library that implements the OpenGL specification and is used on many operating systems such as Linux , AmigaOS3 , AmigaOS4 , SkyOS , Haiku , ZETA and BSD to implement OpenGL functionality. Hardware-accelerated 3D graphics are possible through the combination with the Direct Rendering Infrastructure . The Mesa Library sources are licensed under the MIT license .

history

In August 1993, Brian Paul began developing a graphics library that was to be compatible with the then new OpenGL programming interface . In November 1994 he received SGI approval to publish Mesa, and in February 1995 Mesa 1.0 was released. OpenGL was not widely available at this point, and many developers came into contact with OpenGL through Mesa. In October 1996 Mesa 2.0 appeared, which supported OpenGL 1.1. Version 2.2, which appeared in March 1998, supported hardware acceleration via 3dfx - Glide .

Version 7.0, released on June 22, 2007, supported OpenGL 2.1 for the first time.

With the release of version 8.0 on February 9, 2012, the OpenGL 3.0 specification is supported. With version 9.0 of October 8, 2012, support for OpenGL 3.1 was added. As of version 10.0 from 2013, OpenGL 3.3 is supported.

Mesa 11.x fully supports all extensions up to OpenGL 4.1 and most of OpenGL 4.2 to 4.5.

Since Mesa 12, the drivers for newer AMD, Nvidia and Intel graphics chips have fully implemented OpenGL 4.3. Except for one extension from OpenGL 4.4, the Intel driver supports all extensions for OpenGL 4.5. In addition, Mesa 12 contains a Vulkan driver for Intel chips from the Ivy Bridge generation. As of Mesa 12, a new software driver for CPU clusters with the name "OpenSWR" (Open Software Rasterizer) supports OpenGL 3.1+. OpenSWR is based on LLVMpipe, scales very well with the computing power and is intended for large data sets as they occur in numerical simulations. Compared to LLVMpipe, Mesa 10.5.1 in Alpha-2 status from 2015 achieves accelerations by a factor of 29 to 51. In Mesa it is switched on with "GALLIUM_DRIVER = swr".

With Mesa 13, OpenGL 4.4 and 4.5 is fully supported. Intel from Broadwell, AMD GCN and Nvidia Fermi and Kepler (Maxwell only 4.1) support all extensions, but are still displayed with 4.3 or 4.4 (13.0.1) due to a lack of certification.

In version 17.0 (new count) there are some improvements (see mesa matrix). Haswell OpenGL 4.5 (previously 3.3, with only 3 missing extensions in 4.0 and 4.1) and OpenGL ES 3.2 are almost completely available for Intel graphics. Certification of OpenGL 4.4 for NVIDIA Fermi and Kepler, as well as OpenGL 4.5 for AMD GCN is also available, since it was not yet included in Mesa 13.0.x. OpenGL 4.3 is available for NVIDIA Maxwell and Pascal (GM107 +). However, only Maxwell 1 (GeForce GTX 750 and others with GM1xx) benefits from strong gains by increasing the clock frequencies under load. Furthermore, Maxwell 2 (GeForce 980 and others with GM2xx) suffers so badly from this lack of regulation that only 1/3 to 1/2 of the possible performance is available with Mesa.

Khronos is now making its CTS (test suite) for OpenGL 4.4, 4.5 and OpenGL ES 3.0+ available as open source. This means that tests are available free of charge to all developers. For Mesa 13 and 17, higher OpenGL levels are possible for some modules such as Nouveau after passing the tests .

Version 17.1.0 has been available since May 10, 2017 and contains some improvements such as OpenGL 4.2 for Intel Ivy Bridge (for Gen 7 previously 3.3) and further acceleration for Nvidia Maxwell and Pascal, as well as for Vulkan with improved RADV and ANV.

In version 17.2, Intel and AMD are sometimes heavily accelerated in 3D games. Some OpenGL 4.6 extensions are also supported. Nouveau is still only second choice for NVIDIA , because hardware information for acceleration, as it is available to the Nvidia developers of the original drivers, is not freely available. The OpenGL 4.5 tests were 98.6% successful for Kepler.

In version 17.3 some extensions for OpenGL 4.6 were integrated, so that in the next version with Spir-V support OpenGL 4.6 would be fully supported. With the Vulkan driver, significant advances have been made for Radeon graphics cards and support for an important compression technology is new. In addition, there are many optimizations in the OpenGL drivers for the GPUs from AMD and Intel. RADV as a Vulkan driver for AMD now completely fulfills the Khronos test.

In version 18.0 further extensions for OpenGL were completed to complete the support of OpenGL 4.6. Spir-V is still missing. Vulkan 1.0 has been expanded and optimized to a new level. Nvidia Nouveau also officially only supports OpenGL 4.3 because of some bugs in Mesa that lead to test errors in OpenGL 4.4 and 4.5 in the tests. The Intel and AMD drivers like RadeonSI support OpenGL 4.5 with the same bugs. The AMD R600g driver for older AMD Terascale cards is on the way to support OpenGL 4.5 and thus outperforms AMD with a maximum of OpenGL 4.4 with its official drivers. The R600 and Evergreen are limited to a maximum of OpenGL 4.3 due to the lack of FP64 units. Intel Cannon Lake is now also supported and with it the latest hardware from Intel. For this purpose, the new Meson build system was activated as a new standard.

Vulkan 1.1 is available in version 18.1 for Intel from Sky Lake (ANV) and AMD GCN (RADV). Of course, the hardware must support all extensions. For AMD GCN of the 1st and 2nd generation (GCN 1.0 and 1.1), this was denied by AMD in its own Windows drivers and conformance tests at Khronos. Intel is making Vulkan 1.1 available from Sky Lake. AMD RX 550 and RX Vega 64 are already registered with RADV for Vulkan 1.1.

Many improvements are available in version 18.2. Fully supporting OpenGL 4.6 has not yet been achieved. The new soft driver VIRGL now supports OpenGL 4.3 and OpenGL ES 3.2. RadeonSI now also supports OpenGL ES 3.2 and in compatibility mode now OpenGL 4.4 after 3.1 in version 18.1. The support of ASTC texture compression for RadeonSI will serve as a model for this extension in other drivers in the future. In addition, there is support in the RadeonSI driver for the new Vega 20 series. Vulkan 1.1 extensions and other extensions are supported in the Intel ANV and AMD RADV.

Many improvements are available in version 18.3 in December 2018. Support for AMD Raven 2, Picasso, Vega 20 in RadeonSI and RADV is just one of many. Intel Whiskey Lake and Amber Lake are now also supported. OpenGL 4.6 has not yet been achieved due to the lack of SPIR-V.

Many improvements are available in version 19.0 in March 2019. RadeonSI supports AMD Freesync with Linux 5.0+. Meson replaces Autotools in the creation of the driver package.

Many improvements are available in version 19.1 in June 2019. Many Vulkan modules have been completed. RadV supports AMD Freesync with Linux 5.0+.

In version 19.2 in September 2019, many improvements are available, especially for AMD Navi and Vulkan features. OpenGL 4.5 is available on some cards with R600 architecture for this purpose.

OpenGL 4.6 is now available in Intel i965 and Iris in Mesa 19.3. For the new Iris driver for Intel from Broadwell Gen 8, a greatly improved performance is shown in many tests, although there are still some errors.

In version 20.0, AMD RadeonSI supports OpenGL 4.6 and the new Intel Iris driver for newer hardware from Broadwell Gen 8 has been further improved. Intel i965 is being further developed for older hardware up to Haswell Gen 7.5.

In 20.1 the new virtual driver zinc based on Vulkan was introduced with the first OpenGL functions. Open GL 3.0 and 3.1 are to follow in 20.2. LLVM-pipe will then also support OpenGL 4.2 and only 1 module is missing for OpenGL 4.4. The current status is available in Mesamatrix.

Software levels of the Mesa API with bug fixes

OpenGL 1.2+ 3.5
OpenGL 1.3+ 4.0.4
OpenGL 1.4+ 5.0.2
OpenGL 1.5+ 6.0.1
OpenGL 2.1+ 6.5.3, 7.0.4, 7.4.4, 7.5.2, 7.6.1, 7.7.1, 7.8.2, 7.9.2, 7.10.3, 7.11.2
OpenGL 3.0+ (ES 2.0) 8.0.5
OpenGL 3.1+ (ES 2.0) 9.0.3, 9.1.7, 9.2.5
OpenGL 3.3+ (ES 3.0) 10.0.5, 10.1.6, 10.2.9, 10.3.7, 10.4.7, 10.5.9, 10.6.9
OpenGL 4.1+ (ES 3.0+) 11.0.9, 11.1.4, 11.2.2
OpenGL 4.3+ (ES 3.1+), Vulkan 1.0 12.0.6
OpenGL 4.4+ (ES 3.2), Vulkan 1.0 13.0.6 (OpenGL 4.5 not certified)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2), Vulkan 1.0 17.0.7 (June 2017)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2), Vulkan 1.0 17.1.10 (September 2017)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2), Vulkan 1.0 17.2.8 (December 2017)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2), Vulkan 1.0 17.3.9 (April 2018)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.0 18.0.5 (June 2018, OpenGL 4.6 without Spir-V)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.1 18.1.9 (September 2018, Vulkan 1.1, OpenGL 3.1 in Compatible Mode (previously 3.0))
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.1+ 18.2.8 (December 2018, VirGL 4.3 and OpenGL 3.1 to 4.5 in Compatible Mode and others)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.1+ 18.3.6 (April 2019)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.1+ 19.0.8 currently (June 2019, OpenGL 4.6 without Spir-V)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.1+ 19.1.8 currently (September 2019, OpenGL 4.6 without SPIR-V)
OpenGL 4.5+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.1+ 19.2.8 currently (December 2019, OpenGL 4.6 moved to version 19.3 for Intel, end of bug fix)
OpenGL 4.6+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.1+ 19.3.5 currently (March 2020, OpenGL 4.6 for Intel i965 from Gen7 Ivy Bridge and Iris from Gen8 Broadwell, bug fix planned up to 19.3.6) then 20.0 planned in March 2020 with OpenGL 4.6 for AMD GCN and with presetting for Intel Iris Gallium 3D instead of i965 from Gen8 Broadwell
OpenGL 4.6+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.2+ 20.0.7 currently (May 2020, OpenGL 4.6 for Intel i965 from Gen7 Ivy Bridge, Iris from Gen8 Broadwell and RadeonSI for AMD GCN, Vulkan RadV also for GCN 1st Gen., bug fix planned up to 20.0.8)
OpenGL 4.6+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.2+ 20.1.6 (August 2020, OpenGL 4.6) 20.1 with many improvements, new driver zinc for OpenGL on Vulkan.
OpenGL 4.6+ (ES 3.2+), Vulkan 1.2+ 20.2.0 RC2 (September 2020, OpenGL 4.6) New in 20.2: Zinc: OpenGL 3.0+, LLVMpipe: OpenGL 4.3+ and OpenGL ES 3.2+, ARM Panfrost: close to OpenGL 3.0+

The branches of the respective drivers often only support these levels in later versions. Therefore, if possible, a current version should be installed that matches the system and hardware in order to avoid limitations and errors and to maximize performance. When updating from Mesa 12 to 13, the performance could be increased by up to 70% for AMD Radeon RX 480 with Ubuntu 16.10 and Linux 4.8.

Current graphics cards are often limited in their performance due to a lack of information such as power management. Later, these are often only available years after the series has been sold. An NVIDIA GTX 680 (Kepler) is up to 10 times faster in Mesa 12.0 than newer cards of the actually faster Maxwell architecture. With versions 13 and 17, Maxwell 1 was greatly accelerated. Now Maxwell 2 and Pascal are poor in their performance compared to the Nvidia driver and its predecessors due to missing data.

From version 8, Mesa supports OpenGL ES 1.1 and 2.0 on top of EGL 1.4. From Mesa 11, EGL 1.5 and OpenGL ES 3.0 are possible. Mesa 12 fully supports version ES 3.0 and 3.1. Version 3.2 is completely available for the first time in Mesa 13.0 (see mesamatrix). For this purpose, optional additional functions for the individual levels are developed from the Khronos construction kit of new proposed modules. In Android and other systems, EGL and OpenGL ES are important components of the graphics software.

Testing with bug fixing and building have been greatly improved in recent years. The current status of Intel development is now publicly available. With Iris, a successor to i965 is in the works for hardware Skylake and newer. With Spir-V, the Mesa project for OpenGL is greatly modernized. Since major changes are necessary, a few errors still need to be fixed.

Variable frequencies of the monitors (VRR) through Freesync for lower energy consumption and better gaming without stuttering is available for AMD Radeonsi and RadV from Mesa 19.2.

Compared to Nvidia, AMD can keep up with Mesa 20.1, especially with the new navigation cards, very well in the benchmarks for games with Vulkan and OpenGL.

OpenCL

  • GalliumCompute (Clover)

Establishing a common OpenCL platform for all important platforms with GalliumCompute has so far failed. The development here is slow compared to other modules in Mesa (formerly Clover: OpenCL 1.0 and 1.1 almost complete (CTS incomplete), 1.2 mostly for AMD GPU and partly for NVIDIA GPU). At least maintenance takes place so that the previous code continues to run. In 2017, important parts for OpenCL 1.2 were added with the functions FP16 and INT64 atomics. With a bridge, an AMDGPU OpenCL2 compiler can now be coupled with Mesa 3D and considerably more programs now run without errors. New developments from Redhat for NIR and Spir-V also enable progress for Clover.

  • AMD ROCm

AMD ROCm (currently version 3.3) has started as the successor to the limping GalliumCompute from Mesa. OpenCL 2.0 syntax and OpenCL 1.2 runtime are the ROCm basis for current hardware of the CPU from Intel and AMD with PCIe 3.0 and GPU with AMD GCN from the 3rd generation with Hawaii, Fiji, Polaris and Vega. This SDK will later be usable as open source. An overview of the current status of ROCm was presented at XDC2018. When comparing current AMD hardware with ROCm to Nvidia with new Turing and older Pascal cards, Nvidia now also has an advantage in OpenCL in many tests. From version 2.0, OpenCL 2.0 is now fully supported. Version 2.4 supports Tensorflow 2.0. Version 2.6 now supports Vega M. Navi is not yet supported in 2.8.

  • Beignet (Intel China) and Compute Runtime (Neo)

With Beignet (currently version 1.3.2), Intel China has implemented another software for OpenCL (1.2, 2.0 from version 1.3.0 with Skylake +) for Intel CPU with built-in GPU from Ivy Bridge away from Mesa. Under the code name NEO, a new open source driver for hardware from Gen. 8 with Broadwell up to now Icelake and new Tigerlake developed with currently OpenCL 2.1 support. OpenCL 2.2 should follow soon. With this new Compute Runtime NEO, Beignet is no longer being developed, but is available for GPUs from Ivybridge to Haswell.

  • Nvidia

For NVIDIA, only the closed source driver with OpenCL 1.1 for Tesla and Fermi, and OpenCL 1.2 for Kepler, Maxwell and Pascal is available. OpenCL 2.0 is under development here. With the current further development with NIR and SPIR-V, Clover with OpenCL 1.0 to 1.2 will be available for Nvidia cards.

  • Shamrock

The Shamrock project as a port of Mesa Clover for ARM with full support of OpenCL 1.2 since July 2016 shows that Clover can finally be developed up to 1.2.

In the future, OpenCL as OpenCL-V should become part of Vulkan, according to Khronos. This means that the Vulkan ANV drivers for Intel and RADV for AMD would also run OpenCL. Because Vulkan is a further development of AMD Mantle and this is an OpenCL with a graphics layer, the chances of a successful further development with a similar performance to the current OpenCL are good. In 2017, the progress in Clover towards OpenCL 1.2 and other open source projects towards OpenCL 2.x was small.

Software architecture

Implemented APIs

The Mesa 3D project also includes and maintains implementations of various programming interfaces for hardware-accelerated rasterization:

  • OpenGL (fully supported up to 4.6, further additions in work)
  • OpenGL ES (fully supported up to 3.2, further additions in progress)
  • GLX (fully supported up to 1.4)
  • EGL (fully supported up to 1.5)
  • OpenVG (1.1, from version 10.6 no longer available)
  • Glide ( refurbished )
  • Vulkan (1.0: Intel Graphic Gen7 + ANV from version 12, AMD GCN with RADV from version 13, 1.1: in 18.1 for ANV with Intel Graphic Gen9 + and for RADV with AMD GCN Gen3 +, 1.2: from Mesa 20.0 for ANV with Intel Graphics Gen8 + and RADV with AMD GCN2 +)
  • OpenCL (almost completely 1.0, 1.1 and partly 1.2 in currently slow development in GalliumCompute, new impulses through conversion from TGSI to NIR and modular OpenCL 3.0)

The Wine project, also developed under a free license, contains an implementation of Microsoft's Direct3D version 9c. This can either be used with the help of a translation of Direct3D calls to OpenGL calls, or since the Gallium3D state tracker was published, it can also be used directly for Direct3D 9c.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ VMware's year end acquisition of Tungsten Graphics (English) - InfoWorld , December 16, 2008
  2. ↑ www.mesa3d.org .
  3. ↑ lists.freedesktop.org . (accessed on June 28, 2020).
  4. ↑ Mesa Languages ​​Page (English) - Open Hub ; As of April 12, 2018
  5. ↑ Mesa 8.0 Release Notes (English)
  6. ↑ Mesa 9.0 Release Notes (English)
  7. ↑ Mesa 10.0 Release Notes (English)
  8. ↑ Mesa 11.2.2 Release Notes (English)
  9. ↑ glxinfo
  10. ↑ Mesamatrix
  11. ↑ Paraview and OpenSWR
  12. ↑ Thorsten Leemhuis: Mesa 13.0 graphics library: Open-source Linux drivers now support OpenGL 4.5 (halfway) , Heise online, November 2, 2016.
  13. ↑ [Mesa-dev [ANNOUNCE] mesa 13.0.0], November 1, 2016 (English)
  14. ↑ mesa / mesa - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library: mesa: Bump the version to 17.0 , January 7, 2017 (English)
  15. ↑ mesa / mesa - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library: i965 / gen7: expose OpenGL 4.2 on Haswell when supported , October 11, 2016 (English)
  16. ↑ mesa / mesa - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library: i965: Enable OpenGL 4.5 on Haswell. January 13, 2017
  17. ↑ mesa / mesa - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library: nvc0: enable GL 4.3 on gm107 + , August 22, 2016 (English)
  18. ↑ Michael Larabel: A Look At The Huge Performance Boosts With Nouveau Mesa 17.0-devel On Maxwell , phoronix, January 15, 2017 (English)
  19. ↑ Khronos Open-Sources OpenGL / OpenGL ES Conformance Tests , phoronix, January 24, 2017 (English)
  20. ↑ Michael Larabel: Today Is The Last Day Of Feature Development For Mesa 17.1 , phoronix, April 14, 2017 (English)
  21. ↑ Thorsten Leemhuis: Mesa 17.1 increases the 3D performance of Linux , Heise online, May 10, 2017.
  22. ↑ a b Mesa 17.2: Another performance boost for 3D drivers from Linux - c't , on September 5, 2017
  23. ↑ x.org
  24. ↑ Mesa 17.3: Performance optimizations for the 3D drivers for Linux - c't , on December 11, 2017
  25. ↑ Mesa 17.3.0 Release Notes - Mesa , December 8, 2017
  26. ↑ Sebastian Grüner: Linux graphics driver: Mesa 18.0 brings Cannon Lake support and Meson build system , Golem.de, March 28, 2018.
  27. ↑ khronos.org
  28. ↑ Michael Larabel: Mesa 18.2 Is Releasing Soon With Many OpenGL / Vulkan Driver Improvements , phoronix, August 21, 2018 (English)
  29. ↑ Thorsten Leemhuis: Linux: Mesa 18.2 improves 3D performance and graphics card support , Heise online, September 10, 2018.
  30. ↑ Michael Larabel: The Shiny New Features Of Mesa 18.3 For Open-Source Intel / Radeon Graphics Drivers , phoronix, November 13, 2018 (English)
  31. ↑ phoronix.com
  32. ↑ phoronix.com
  33. ↑ phoronix.com
  34. ↑ phoronix.com
  35. ↑ phoronix.com
  36. ↑ phoronix.com
  37. ↑ phoronix.com
  38. ↑ phoronix.com
  39. ↑ https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Mesa-20.1-Features
  40. ↑ https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Zink-Nearing-OpenGL-3.1
  41. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/12.0.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/12.0.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/12.0.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/12.0.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/12.0.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/12.0.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/12.0.6.html
  42. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/13.0.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/13.0.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/13.0.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/13.0.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/13.0.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/13.0.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/13.0.6.html
  43. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.0.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.0.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.0.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.0.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.0.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.0.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.0.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.0.7.html
  44. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.7.html
    https : //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.8.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.9.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.1.10.html
  45. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.7.html
    https : //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.2.8.html
  46. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.7.html
    https : //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.8.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/17.3.9.html
  47. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.0.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.0.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.0.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.0.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.0.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.0.5.html
  48. ↑ phoronix.com
  49. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.7.html
    https : //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.8.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.1.9.html
  50. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.7.html
    https : //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.2.8.html
  51. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.3.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.3.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.3.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.3.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.3.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.3.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/18.3.6.html
  52. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.7.html
    https : //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.0.8.html
  53. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.7.html
    https : //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.1.8.html
  54. ↑ heise.de
  55. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.7.html
    https : //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.2.8.html
  56. ↑ heise.de
  57. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.3.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.3.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.3.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.3.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.3.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/19.3.5.html
  58. ↑ phoronix.com
  59. ↑ mesa3d.org
  60. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.6.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.7.html
  61. ↑ phoronix.com
  62. ↑ https://mesa.freedesktop.org/archive/
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.1.0.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.1.1.html
    https: / /docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.1.2.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.1.3.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.1.4.html
    https: //docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.1.5.html
    https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.1.6.html
  63. ↑ phoronix.com
  64. ↑ https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Mesa-20.1-Features
  65. ↑ mesa3d.org
  66. ↑ https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Mesa-20.2-RC1-Features-Released
  67. ↑ phoronix.com
  68. ^ Nouveau Kepler vs. Maxwell Performance On Linux 4.6 + Mesa 11.3-dev
  69. ↑ phoronix.com
  70. ↑ phoronix.com
  71. ↑ mesa3d.org
  72. ↑ xdc2018.x.org
  73. ↑ xdc2018.x.org
  74. ↑ xdc2018.x.org
  75. ↑ xdc2018.x.org
  76. ↑ xdc2019.x.org
  77. ↑ phoronix.com
  78. ↑ cgit.freedesktop.org
  79. ↑ phoronix.com
  80. ↑ phoronix.com
  81. ↑ xdc2018.x.org
  82. ↑ phoronix.com
  83. ↑ github.com
  84. ↑ streamhpc.com
  85. ↑ a b phoronix.com
  86. ↑ phoronix.com
  87. ↑ phoronix.com
  88. ↑ phoronix.com
  89. ↑ phoronix.com
  90. ↑ phoronix.com
  91. ↑ github.com
  92. ↑ cgit.freedesktop.org
  93. ↑ phoronix.com
  94. ↑ github.com
  95. ↑ streamcomputing.eu
  96. ↑ About Shamrock. In: Git.Linaro.org. Retrieved May 15, 2020 .
  97. ^ T. Gall & G. Pitney: LCA14-412: GPGPU on ARM SoC. (PDF) In: Amazon Web Services . March 6, 2014, accessed January 22, 2017 .
  98. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated November 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pcper.com
  99. ↑ x.org
  100. ↑ golem.de
  101. ↑ dri.freedesktop.org
  102. ↑ x.org