Micheil Tschiaureli

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Micheil Tschiaureli (1938)

Micheil Tschiaureli ( Georgian მიხეილ ჭიაურელი ; Russian Михаил Едишерович Чиаурели ; born January 25, 1894 in Tbilisi ; † October 31, 1974 ibid) was a Soviet film director of Georgian origin. He created pompous monumental films that particularly served the personality cult for the dictator Josef Stalin .

Life

Tschiaureli attended the art college in Tbilisi and trained as a sculptor in 1916 . He worked as a set designer and theater actor. In 1921 he co-founded the Revolutionary Satirical Theater in Tbilisi and made his first appearance as a film actor. In 1922 he went to Germany to train as a sculptor. From 1924 he worked as a sculptor in Tbilisi. In 1926 he became an actor and director of the Red Theater organized by the Proletarian Culture Committee . He founded the Georgian Theater for Musical Comedies and was its artistic director until 1941.

In 1928 he made his first film The Last Hour , a feature film about the Russian Civil War and in the same year The First Lieutenant . His early films propagated Soviet ideology through satirical comparisons with traditional Georgian ideas. They were strongly influenced by his expressive and plastic view.

In 1938 he began a series of monumental Stalin films on the instructions of Stalin. The Soviet dictator played the main role in all of the films, played by Georgian actor Mikheil Gelowani . They are considered the highlights of the cinematic personality cult around Stalin .

The big spark (Russian: Velikoje Sarewo ; 1938) describes the October Revolution as the work of Lenin and Stalin . In an oath (Russian: Kliatwa ; 1946) Lenin dies and Stalin succeeds him, proclaims the revolutionary message to his comrades and shows ordinary people how to repair a tractor. In the apparently documentary feature film Der Fall von Berlin (Russian: Padenie Berlina ; 1950), the Soviet dictator personally takes care of the German capital. At the end of the fighting he flies into Berlin, climbs out of the plane in a godlike white jacket with gold epaulettes and red medals and is cheered by Red Army soldiers, forced laborers and anti-fascists. In the film The Unforgettable Year 1919 (Russian: Nesabywajemy god 1919 ; 1951) Stalin fights gloriously with the Bolsheviks against the counter-revolution .

From 1946 on, Tschiaureli's center of life had shifted to Moscow . Between 1950 and 1960 he taught there as a professor at the State Film Institute (WGIK). After Stalin's death in 1953, Chiaureli gradually fell into disrepute. State and party leader Nikita Khrushchev called him a poor salivary . Tschiaureli produced fewer and fewer films. His last feature film was Rats ginakhavs, vegar nakhav (German times have changed ). At the end of his career he only made short films.

He was awarded the State Prize of the USSR five times (1941, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1950). He was awarded the Order of Lenin three times. He also received two other Soviet orders and various medals.

Tschiaureli was married and had a daughter, Sofiko (1937-2008), who was a theater and film actress.

Filmography

  • The last hour (Russian: W Posledny Tschas ), Goskinprom Grusii, 1928
  • The first lieutenant (Georgian: Pirveli korneti Streshniovi ), Goskinprom Grusii, 1928
  • Saba , Goskinprom Grusii, 1929
  • Ukanasknel saats , Goskinprom Grusii, 1929
  • Khabarda , Goskinprom Gruzii, 1931
  • The Last Masquerade (Georgian: Ukanaskneli maskaradi ), Goskinprom Grusii, 1934
  • Arseny (Georgian: Arsena ), Goskinprom Grusii, 1937
  • The great spark (Georgian: Diadi gantiadi ), Goskinprom Grusii, 1938
  • Georgi Saakadze , Goskinprom Grusii, 1941
  • Georgi Saakadze II , Goskinprom Grusii, 1943
  • The Oath (Russian: Kljatwa ), Mosfilm, 1946
  • The Fall of Berlin (Russian: Padenije Berlina ), Mosfilm, 1950
  • The Fall of Berlin II (Russian: Padenije Berlina II ), Mosfilm, 1950
  • The unforgettable year 1919 (Russian Nesabywajemy god 1919 ), Mosfilm, 1952
  • Podwig naroda , Mosfilm, 1956
  • Otaraant qvrivi , Grusia-Film, 1958
  • Ambavi erti kalishvilisa , Grusia-Film, 1960
  • Generali da zizilebi , Grusia film, 1963
  • Rats ginakhavs, vegar nakhav . Grusia film, 1965
  • Pevets zari , Grusia-Film, 1968
  • Rogor damarkhes tagvebma kata , Grusia-Film, 1969
  • Petuh surgeon , Grusia-Film, 1970
  • Bloha i muravey , Grusia-Film, 1971
  • Qila erbo , Grusia-Film, 1973

literature

  • G. Chakhirëiìan: Mikhail Chiaureli . Goskinoizdat, Moskva 1939
  • Iosif Mikhailovich Manevich: Narodnyi artist SSSR Mikhail Chiaureli . Goskinoizdat, Moskva 1950

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Tschiaureli, Micheil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES მიხეილ ჭიაურელი (Georgian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet film director
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Tbilisi , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH October 31, 1974
Place of death Tbilisi , Georgian SSR