Micheil Gelowani

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Portrait of Gelowanis on his tomb in the Novodevichy Cemetery

Mikhail Georgijewitsch Gelowani ( Georgian მიხეილ გელოვანი ; * December 25, 1892 July / January 6,  1893 greg. In Lasuria , Kutaisi Governorate , Russian Empire ; † December 21, 1956 in Moscow ) was a Soviet actor and director of Georgian origin. As the actor of Stalin in the monumental films by Micheil Tschiaureli , he shaped the public image of the Soviet dictator and contributed to the personality cult that was formed around him.

Life

Mikhail Gelowani came from the Gelowani noble house . His father was Prince Georgij Gelowani, his mother Princess Agrafine Tschikowani, daughter of Prince Iwane Tschikowani. Since 1913 he was an actor, in 1924 he played his first film role. In 1938 he starred in the movie from the spark ... the first time Josef Stalin . After that he was regularly used as a Stalin actor on the instructions of Stalin until 1953. The only exception was the 1939–1941 film Perwaja Konnaja ( Eng . The First Cavalry Army ), in which his Georgian accent was perceived as annoying to the Russian audience.

Gelowani's Stalin depiction corresponded to the image established by propaganda. Means of expression were above all lecturing gestures with a raised index finger and corresponding hand movements as a wise teacher, a superior and mischievous smile, joviality towards young subordinates, rigor and determination in important military decisions. To western viewers, it often appears clumsy and wooden.

Gelowani's performance pleased Stalin because he played him the way he wanted to be seen. Although Gelowani looked more beautiful on the screen than himself, said Stalin, after some films he had the impression that he was himself. Gelowani was actually taller than Stalin and didn't look very much like him. At times he was ousted as a Stalin actor by Alexei Diki , who used the rasping accent of the Moscow nobility , but which apparently disappointed.

Because Gelowani's image was linked to the personality cult around Stalin, he hardly received any commissions after his death in 1953 and because of the subsequent de-Stalinization .

Awards

Trivia

The 1953 resulting film Wichri wraschdebnije (dt. Hostile whirlwind ) by Mikhail Kalatozov with Mikhail Kondratyev ( Lenin ), Vladimir Yemelyanov ( Felix Dzerzhinsky ), Leonid Ljubaschewski ( Sverdlov ) and Vladimir Solovyov ( Kalinin ) came after the start of de-Stalinization in the GDR - Cinemas. That is why Gelowani's part as Lenin's comrade-in- arms was cut from the film.

Filmography

actor

  • 1924: Three Lives / Sami sitsotskle (Bachwa Pulaw)
  • 1925: Who is the culprit / Vin aris damnashave
  • 1926: The ninth wave / Dewjaty Wal (Awalow)
  • 1927: Two Hunters / Dwa Ochotnika (Turiko)
  • 1928: The Power of Evil / Sloj Duch (Crazy Danel)
  • 1934: Goodbye / Nakhvamidis (Spiridon Lomidze)
  • 1934: The last ball / Ukasatelny maskaradi (Rostomi)
  • 1937: Maxim's return / Woswrtschschenije Maxima
  • 1937: Orangental / Narindjis veli (Kirile)
  • 1938: The man with the rifle / Tschelowek s ruschjom (Josef Stalin)
  • 1938: They wanted peace / Diadi gantiadi / Belikoe sarewo (Josef Stalin)
  • 1939: The Vyborg Side / Vyborgskaja Storona , Maxim Trilogy, Part 3 (Josef Stalin)
  • 1939: Lenin in 1918 {Lenin w 1918 godu , scenes deleted (Josef Stalin)
  • 1941: Valeri Tschkalow (Josef Stalin)
  • 1942: The defense of Tsaritsyn / Oborona Zaritsyna (Josef Stalin)
  • 1946: The Oath / Kljatwa (Josef Stalin)
  • 1947: Swet Nad Rossiej (Josef Stalin)
  • 1949: The Fall of Berlin, Part 1 and 2 / Padenije Berlina (Josef Stalin)
  • 1950: The fire of Baku / Ogni Baku (Josef Stalin)
  • 1950: The buddies from Donbass / Donezkije Shakhtyory (Josef Stalin)
  • 1952: The unforgettable year 1919 (Nesabywajemyj god 1919) (Josef Stalin)
  • 1953: Enemy whirlwind ( Вихри враждебные / Wichri wraschdebnyje ), scenes deleted (Josef Stalin)
  • 1971: WR-Mysteries of the organism (Josef Stalin), archive material

Stalin portrayals ascribed to him since 1946 (anti-Semitic phase), but the actor was the Jewish actor Semjon Goldschtab :

Director

  • 1928: The Power of Evil / Char vogi (as M. Goldvani)
  • 1929: The youth wins / Akhalgazrdoba imardjvebs
  • 1931: Shock workers / Damkrveli
  • 1934: The real Caucasian / Namdvili kavkasieli

literature

  • Lars Karl: About heroes and people… . phil. Diss., Tübingen 2002
  • Robert Conquest: Stalin . Munich 1991
  • Nikolas Hülbusch: In the dictator's cabinet of mirrors . Alfeld 2001
  • Simon Sebag-Montefiore : Stalin . London 2003

Documentaries

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Gelowani, Micheil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gelowani, Mikhail Georgievich; მიხეილ გელოვანი (Georgian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet actor and director of Georgian origin
DATE OF BIRTH January 6, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Lasuria , Kutaisi Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH December 21, 1956
Place of death Moscow