Miklós Nyiszli

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Miklós Nyiszli (born June 17, 1901 in Szilágysomlyó (Schomlenmarkt), † May 5, 1956 in Oradea ) was a doctor and author of Jewish faith from Transylvania . He was a survivor of the Holocaust .

Life

Miklós Nyiszli was born in Transylvania as the son of a merchant. After studying medicine in Klausenburg , Kiel and Breslau , he practiced as a forensic doctor and general practitioner in his home country .

At the end of May 1944, the Eichmann Kommando deported Nyiszli with his wife and 15-year-old daughter to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp , where they initially had to do forced labor in the Buna branch of IG Farben in the Auschwitz-Monowitz concentration camp . At the end of June 1944 he was transferred to the prisoner infirmary in Auschwitz-Birkenau and employed by the first camp doctor, Josef Mengele, as a pathologist in the newly established section room of Crematorium II . When the camp was evacuated in mid-January 1945 with a subsequent death march towards Mauthausen concentration camp , Nyiszli survived in the Ebensee subcamp , where he was liberated by American troops in early May.

After returning home, Nyiszli wrote his memory report within a few months. It was published in Hungarian in 1946 under the title I was the pathologist by Dr. Mengele published in the Auschwitz crematorium . Nyiszli's memoirs were the first report on the tragic forced labor of the Jewish " Sonderkommandos " in Auschwitz-Birkenau and on the armed prisoners' uprising in Auschwitz. Alberto Errera was also assigned to this special unit. His secretly made photos of naked people before the gassing and of corpses burned represent important evidence of the Holocaust . Substantial parts of his reports were processed in B. Nelson’s film " Die Grauzone (Orig: The Gray Zone) " (USA 2001).

In October 1947, Nyiszli testified as a witness before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg about his time in the special detachment at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Nyiszli died of a heart attack in 1956 after a long illness .

Works

  • Dr. Mengele boncolóorvosa voltam az auschwitz-i krematóriumban. Debrecen 1946 (Hungarian and Romanian; translated into French in 1951, English in 1960 and German in 2004).
    • English translation: Auschwitz. An eyewitness account of Mengele's infamous death camp. Translated by Tibère Kremer and Richard Seaver. Seaver, New York 1986 (first edition 1960).
    • German translation: In the beyond humanity. A coroner in Auschwitz. Translated by Angelika Bihari. Edited by Friedrich Herber. Verlag Karl Dietz Berlin, Berlin 1992. ISBN 3-320-01791-8
  • Special command unit. In: Hans Günther Adler , Hermann Langbein , Ella Lingens-Reiner (eds.): Auschwitz. Certificates and reports. 6th, revised edition. CEP Europäische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 2014 (first edition 1962), ISBN 978-3863930608 , pp. 74-77.
  • In the beyond humanity. A coroner in Auschwitz. Edited by Friedrich Herber. 2nd edition revised by Andreas Kilian and Friedrich Herber. Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-320-02061-7 .

literature

  • Eric Friedler, Barbara Siebert, Andreas Kilian: Witnesses from the death zone. The Jewish Sonderkommando in Auschwitz. dtv, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-423-34158-0 .
  • Gideon Greif: Levels of Confrontation in Understanding and Awareness of the Shoah in Israeli Society, 1945–2002. In: Psychosocial . No. 93 (issue 3/2003).
  • Bernhard André and Andreas Kilian: film booklet Die Grauzone. Edited by the Institute for Cinema and Film Culture on behalf of the Federal Agency for Civic Education, Cologne 2005.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Nyiszli, Miklós
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian physician and author
DATE OF BIRTH June 17, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Szilágysomlyó
DATE OF DEATH May 5th 1956
Place of death Oradea