Micrognathy

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Classification according to ICD-10
K07.0 Major anomalies in jaw size
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The micrognathia (from the Greek μικρός mikrós 'small', 'narrow' and γνάϑος gnathos 'jaw') belongs to the dysgnathias and describes an upper or lower jaw that is too small .

Sometimes the term "micrognathia" is only used for hypoplasia of the upper jaw as opposed to microgenic hypoplasia of the lower jaw. If only the position, but not the size, of the jaw has changed, a posterior displacement is referred to as mandibular or maxillary retrognathy .

Synonyms are: brachygnatia; Hypognathy; English Micrognathism

to form

Micrognathia can generally be acquired as a result of an operation on the jaw, but it is usually congenital.

In the context of syndromes

Micrognathia can occur in a number of syndromes :

Clinical manifestations

Clinical criteria are:

  • Jaws that are too small, often with retrognathia, possibly also with microstomy
  • During the growing season, the size of the shrinkage may decrease spontaneously
  • Associated with cleft palate and breathing disorders with obstruction of the upper airways and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome .
  • Often tooth development disorders

In severe cases, intubation or nutrition can be difficult.

diagnosis

The diagnosis is already made clinically and can be documented by x-rays .

Already in utero is by fine ultrasound or fetal MRI detection possible.

therapy

Treatment depends on the extent of the micrognathia; surgical corrections should be carried out in specialized centers.

literature

  • O. Breik, D. Tivey, K. Umapathysivam, P. Anderson: Does the Rate of Distraction or Type of Distractor Affect the Outcome of Mandibular Distraction in Children With Micrognathia? In: Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. [Electronic publication before printing] February 2016, doi: 10.1016 / j.joms.2016.01.049 , PMID 26920642 .
  • A. Bianchi, E. Betti, G. Badiali, F. Ricotta, C. Marchetti, A. Tarsitano: 3D computed tomographic evaluation of the upper airway space of patients undergoing mandibular distraction osteogenesis for micrognathia. In: Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica: organo ufficiale della Società italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale. Vol. 35, No. 5, October 2015, pp. 350-354, doi: 10.14639 / 0392-100X-546 , PMID 26824918 , PMC 4720923 (free full text) (review).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Entry on micrognathy in the Flexikon , a wiki of the DocCheck company
  2. ↑ Willibald Pschyrembel : Clinical Dictionary , 266th, updated edition, de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-033997-0, headwords micrognathy and microgeny
  3. ↑ a b Bernfried Leiber (founder): The clinical syndromes. Syndromes, sequences and symptom complexes . Ed .: G. Burg, J. Kunze, D. Pongratz, PG Scheurlen, A. Schinzel, J. Spranger. 7., completely reworked. Edition. tape 2 : symptoms . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich et al. 1990, ISBN 3-541-01727-9 .
  4. ↑ Contractures-pterygium colli-micrognathia-hypoplastic nipple syndrome. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
  5. ^ Corpus callosum agenesis - intellectual disability - coloboma - micrognathy syndrome. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
  6. ↑ Splenogonadale Fusion - limb malformation - micrognathia. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
  7. ^ KE Price, Y. Haddad, WD Fakhouri: Analysis of the Relationship Between Micrognathia and Cleft Palate: A Systematic Review. In: The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal: official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Vol. 53, No. 2, March 2016, pp. E34 – e44, doi: 10.1597 / 14-238 , PMID 25658963 .
  8. ↑ AJ Kimple, CM Baldassari, AP Cohen, A. Landry, SL Ishman: Polysomnographic results of prone versus supine positioning in micrognathia. In: International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Vol. 78, No. 12, December 2014, pp. 2056-2059, doi: 10.1016 / j.ijporl.2014.08.042 , PMID 25282304 .
  9. ^ J. Neuschulz, L. Wilhelm, H. Christ, B. Braumann: Prenatal indices for mandibular retrognathia / micrognathia. In: Journal of orofacial orthopedics = progress in orthodontics: Organ / official journal German Society for Orthodontics. Vol. 76, No. 1, January 2015, pp. 30-40, doi: 10.1007 / s00056-014-0257-1 , PMID 25613383 .
  10. ↑ U. Nemec, SF Nemec, PC Brugger, M. Weber, B. Bartsch, D. Bettelheim, M. Gruber, D. Prayer: Normal mandibular growth and diagnosis of micrognathia at prenatal MRI. In: Prenatal Diagnosis . Vol. 35, No. 2, February 2015, pp. 108-116, doi: 10.1002 / pd.4496 , PMID 25224124 .

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