Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey

Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey
Systematics
Superfamily :	Tailed Old World Monkey (Cercopithecoidea)
Family :	Vervet monkey relatives (Cercopithecidae)
Subfamily :	Common monkeys and colobus monkeys (Colobinae)
Tribe :	Colobini monkeys
Genre :	Red colobus monkey ( Piliocolobus )
Type :	Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey
Scientific name
	Piliocolobus waldronae
	( Hayman , 1936)

Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey ( Piliocolobus waldronae ) is a species of primates from the group of colobus monkeys that is native to West Africa . No specimens have been officially sighted since 1978, which is why the species was declared extinct in 2000. However, new evidence suggests that very small numbers of these monkeys may have survived in the southeast corner of Ivory Coast . The IUCN Red List of IUCN lists these monkeys as "critically endangered".

description

Miss Waldron's red colobus reaches a head-trunk length of 45 to 67 cm (males) or 42 to 52 cm (females), a tail length of 56 to 67 cm and a weight of 5.5 to 6.3 kg. The species is thus significantly smaller than the West African colobus monkey ( P. badius ). The top of the head, the neck, the shoulders, the back and the tail are black, the limbs and the belly are red-brown. The face is slate blue, the lips rosy. The nose is flat. There are no confirmed photos of Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey.

Way of life

Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey lives or lived in large family groups of 20 animals or more. They are social and high-sounding animals that often communicate through loud shouts, screeching, or chattering. Fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves are the main source of food for the Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey.

habitat

Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey lived sympathetically with the white-bearded colobus monkey ( Colobus polykomos ) in high rainforests in Ghana and the Ivory Coast between the rivers Bandama and Volta . A remaining population could exist in the Ivorian Tanoé-Ehy Forest.

die out

Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey is the first primate to be declared extinct in the 20th and 21st centuries. He was often poached for bushmeat without any action from local governments. Habitat destruction also played a role. The common chimpanzee often hunts the West African colobus monkey, which may also have contributed to the decline of this subspecies.

In recent years there has been an extensive discussion as to whether Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey is really extinct. A number of jungle expeditions, led by the Wildlife Conservation Society between 1993 and 1999, did not provide any evidence of the survival of this animal. A year later the species was declared extinct.

In recent years, however, Ohio State University's W. Scott McGraw primatologist has collected evidence of the continued existence of this monkey during his expeditions to Ivory Coast. In 2000, McGraw received a black monkey tail. The DNA analysis showed that it came from a red colobus monkey. The hunter who tailed McGraw claimed that he shot the monkey the previous year.

In 2001, McGraw received a piece of reddish monkey skin from an Ivory Coast hunter that is believed to have come from Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey. That same year, McGraw received a photo believed to show an adult specimen killed. Experts who checked the photograph also suggested that the monkey in the photo could be Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey.

Systematics

Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey was discovered in December 1933 by Willoughby Prescott Lowe , a British museum collector, who shot eight specimens of the animal. Lowe named the species after the museum employee Miss Fanny Waldron, who was believed to be his field assistant. The species was scientifically described in 1936 by the British zoologist Robert William Hayman as a subspecies of the West African colobus monkey ( Piliocolobus badius ). Investigations of the mitochondrial DNA show, however, that the species is a systematically rather isolated line that separated from the other red colobus monkeys about 3 million years ago. It is therefore seen as a separate species in more recent publications.

literature

W. Scott McGraw: Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey, International Journal of Primatology, 26 (3), 2005.
Colin P. Groves: Order Siimiformes . P. 169 in DE Wilson and DM Reeder (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 volumes, 2005. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
Elizabeth L. Gadsby, Colin P. Groves, Aoife Healy, K. Praveen Karanth, Sanjay Molur, Tilo Nadler, Matthew C. Richardson, Erin P. Riley, Anthony B. Rylands, Lori K. Sheeran, Nelson Ting, Janette Wallis, Siân S. Waters & Danielle J. Whittaker: Family Cercopithecidae (Old World Monkeys). Page 706 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: - Volume 3. Primates. Lynx Editions, 2013 ISBN 978-8496553897

Web links

Cat Lazaroff: Bushmeat Hunting Threatens African Wildlife Environment News Service (Retrieved February 26, 2006)
W. Scott McGraw: Looking for Lost Monkeys , 2000 Online ( Memento of June 30, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
John F. Oates, Michael Abedi-Lartey, W. Scott, Thomas T. Struhshaker, and George H. Whitesides: Extinction of a West African Red Colobus Monkey In: The Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology , October 200, issue 14, issue 5, Online ( Memento from December 26, 2005 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

↑ New Evidence Suggests That Monkey Thought Extinct Still Exists (Accessed on February 26, 2006)
^ W. Scott McGraw and John F. Oates: Evidence for a surviving population of Miss Waldron's red colobus , 2002, Oryx , Issue 36 (3), p. 223
↑ Piliocolobus waldronae in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2006. Posted by: Butynski, T. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group, 2000. Retrieved on 5 August, 2007.
↑ ^a ^b Handbook of the Mammals of the World: - Volume 3. Primates, page 706.
↑ David Armitage Bannerman: Mr. Bannermann next described a new race of Yellow-froned Penduline Tit from the Gold Coast . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 55 , no. 386 , 1935, pp. 131 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
^ Robert William Hayman: On a Collection of Mammals from the Gold Coast . In: Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London. tape 105 , no. 4 , 1935, pp. 915-937 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1469-7998.1935.tb06271.x .
↑ Nelson Ting: Molecular systematics of red colobus monkeys ( Procolobus [Piliocolobus] ): Understanding the evolution of an endangered primate. PhD thesis, City University of New York, 2008, New York.

[1] New Evidence Suggests That Monkey Thought Extinct Still Exists (Accessed on February 26, 2006)

[2] W. Scott McGraw and John F. Oates: Evidence for a surviving population of Miss Waldron's red colobus , 2002, Oryx , Issue 36 (3), p. 223

[3] Piliocolobus waldronae in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2006. Posted by: Butynski, T. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group, 2000. Retrieved on 5 August, 2007.

[HMW-4] Handbook of the Mammals of the World: - Volume 3. Primates, page 706.

[bannerman131-5] David Armitage Bannerman: Mr. Bannermann next described a new race of Yellow-froned Penduline Tit from the Gold Coast . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 55 , no. 386 , 1935, pp. 131 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

[6] Robert William Hayman: On a Collection of Mammals from the Gold Coast . In: Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London. tape 105 , no. 4 , 1935, pp. 915-937 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1469-7998.1935.tb06271.x .

[7] Nelson Ting: Molecular systematics of red colobus monkeys ( Procolobus [Piliocolobus] ): Understanding the evolution of an endangered primate. PhD thesis, City University of New York, 2008, New York.