Missa Sicca

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The Missa Sicca ( Latin : 'dry mass') was a form of worship common in the Middle Ages up to the 16th century , which was used in the Roman Catholic Church especially for church funerals and weddings , but also for communion of the sick or communion on death .

Form and history

The Missa Sicca was often held as a "substitute" in the afternoon or on days with a double liturgical character, for example when a saint's feast coincided with Sunday, but the celebration of a second Holy Mass was not possible, especially since the 11th and 12th centuries. In the early 20th century, binations were restricted or even banned.

It was like a commemoration or a short form of the holy mass, in which the sacrificial mass was omitted. The other components were essentially identical to those of the corresponding Holy Mass, and the mutable texts of the proprium were merely recited. After communion, the priest took the chasuble and began to recite the introit of the second form on the epistle side of the altar . After the profession of faith and the intercessions , the offertory (preparation of gifts), the Eucharistic prayer with consecration and communion were omitted. The priest could, however, distribute consecrated hosts which he had brought with him in certain cases. He could the Host during the celebration of Mass, where appropriate, in the converted blood of the chalice have plunged to the communion in both kinds hand out. Only after the Tridentine Council was the host partially shown to the recipient.

In some religious orders in the Middle Ages it was prescribed for every priest to join a Missa Sicca after Holy Mass. Missae Siccae were also kept in the absence of priests when church communities were absent for a long time, for example on boat trips ( Missa Nautica ) or on hunts ( Missa Venatoria ). However, after a reform by Pope Pius V , this form of worship gradually disappeared from the 16th century onwards, and Cardinal Giovanni Bona took a firm stand against it in the 17th century.

Until the reform of the Holy Week liturgy in the 1950s, palm consecration on Palm Sunday had the character of a Missa sicca . It consisted of an introductory antiphon , an oration , an epistle , an interlude and a gospel , followed by another oration, a prefecture with Sanctus and five concluding prayers, followed by the celebration of Holy Mass.

The celebrations of the Word of God, which are possible today after the liturgy renewed by the Second Vatican Council , in some places with subsequent distribution of communion, are not to be understood as a replica of a Missa Sicca. This also applies to the celebration of the suffering and death of Christ on Good Friday , which is an independent, very old form of liturgy without prayer but with communion.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Josef Andreas Jungmann SJ : Missarum Sollemnia. A genetic explanation of the Roman mass. Volume 1, Herder Verlag, Vienna, Freiburg, Basel, 5th edition 1962, pp. 292f.
  2. ^ Josef Andreas Jungmann SJ: Missarum Sollemnia. A genetic explanation of the Roman mass. Volume 1, Herder Verlag, Vienna, Freiburg, Basel, 5th edition 1962, pp. 493f.
  3. ↑ Peter Browe : The Eucharist in the Middle Ages , chapter The Holy Communion in Antiquity and the Middle Ages , sub-chapter 3: The place of reception , LIT Verlag, Münster, new edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-8258-6233-6
  4. ^ Fr. Daniel Feuling OSB: Introduction to the liturgy of Holy Week. Augsburg / Stuttgart 1921, p. 19.

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