Commemoration

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As a commemoration (of lat. Commemoratio , "mention, citing") refers to the commemoration of the saints in the Roman liturgy on days on which itself is a feast , feast or memorial is another saint.

Holy Mass

In the form of the Roman Rite, which was valid until the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council , it was possible to commemorate several saints and occasions in one mass (to commemorate them). The provisions of the liturgical order of precedence , which were published in the Directory for each year, applied. Such Okkurenzen occurred about when a Sunday with a Holy festival or an Octave collapsed or two saints festivals which each own Proprium had fell on the same day. A feast day of a saint with its own form of the Mass fell during Lent, the feast of saints was viewed as a higher priority and the weekday of Lent was commemorated.

In such occasions there have been various possibilities for the liturgical design in the course of history; They also apply if a priest also wanted to satisfy a special intention such as the memory of a deceased person:

  • The priest could celebrate Holy Mass several times a day - up to seven or nine times. This happened more frequently from the 9th century and was severely restricted in the course of the 12th century until Pope Innocent III. 1206 , except in emergencies, bination was forbidden on working days.
  • Missa bi- or trifaciata : At the previous fair that the other parties have been appended to the one celebration, then the priest took the victim trade continued, but the Secreta and Postcommunio contained all feasts. This practice wasrejectedas monstruosa mixtura (hideous mixture)in the 13th century.
  • Missa Sicca : The mass form for the second occasion was attached to the daily mass in such a way that the priest laid the chasuble after communionandspokethe second propriumon the epistle side of the altar from the introit , butjumpedfrom the offertory directly to communion . This form largely disappeared since the 16th century. It developed devotions it as non-Eucharistic Day celebrations and, since the Council of Trent devotions with Benediction .
  • There were isolated attempts, predominantly in the 9th century, to formulate orations that would do justice to several occasions.
  • From the Middle Ages until the 20th century it was common to add the three orations ( Collecta , Secreta and Postcommunio ) of the lower-ranking, commemorative days of remembrance and occasions to those of the higher-ranking ones. Since the 11th century there has been an accumulation of orations of up to seven, in exceptional cases even more. There were still regulations in the Missal of 1570 that the number of orations had to be odd, so that it had to be "filled up" if necessary.

The gospel of the superseded measurement form was read as the final gospel until 1955 .

In the pontificate of Pope Pius XII. The Congregation of Rites ordered extensive changes to the liturgical rubrics with the decree Cum nostra of March 23, 1955 , which came into force on January 1, 1956. The number of orations was limited to three, on Sundays and holidays, 2nd class, to two, on days, 1st class and privileged days, to one. Even in sung masses there was basically only one oration from then on. The commemoration of the repressed gospel as the final gospel was omitted.

In 1960 Pope John XXIII decreed . that only two different days of remembrance could be commemorated. It was later decreed that only one prayer should be used at a time, with some flexibility in its choice. After the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council, commemoration is no longer provided for in a mass in the ordinary form of the Roman rite; it can be practiced again in the extraordinary form .

Liturgy of the Hours

Both in the extraordinary and in the ordinary form of the prayer of the hours according to the Roman rite, commemoration is only provided in lauds , vespers and reading lessons (in the ordinary rite) or the Matins (in the extraordinary rite). For this purpose, the antiphon from the saint to be commemorated to the Benedictus or Magnificat is used in the extraordinary rite and the orations are lined up as described above. In Matins, the ninth reading is taken from the commemorated day, except on Sundays and on certain higher-ranking feast days. In the ordinary rite, the antiphon and oration are added to the oration of the day saint. After the father's reading (2nd reading), the hagiographic reading of the commemorated day is added as the 3rd reading in the reading hearing.

Web links

Wiktionary: Commemoration  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Josef Andreas Jungmann SJ: Missarum Sollemnia. A genetic explanation of the Roman mass. First volume, Herder Verlag, Vienna - Freiburg - Basel, 1948, 5th edition 1962, pp. 290-293.493ff.
  2. ^ Josef Andreas Jungmann SJ: Missarum Sollemnia. A genetic explanation of the Roman mass. Second volume, Herder Verlag, Vienna - Freiburg - Basel, 1948, 5th edition 1962, p. 558.
  3. ↑ General Introduction to the Liturgy of the Hours, article 239