Missak Manouchian
Missak Manouchian (also written Manoukian ; Armenian: Միսաք Մանուշյան; born September 1, 1906 in Adıyaman , Ottoman Empire ; † February 21, 1944 in Paris ) was an Armenian poet, journalist and fighter of the Resistance .
Life
Manouchian was born on September 1, 1906 in Adıyaman , Ottoman Empire . Before he was persecuted by Turkish nationalists , he and his siblings fled first to Syria, then to relatives in France in 1925. Manouchian earned his living as a factory worker. He worked in a Citroën factory and joined the French Communist Party . In addition to his political and trade union work, he found time to found an Armenian poetry magazine . After the German occupation of France he became military leader of the immigrant group of the FKP partisan organization FTP / MOI ( Francs-tireurs et partisans - main-d'œuvre immigrée ) in the Paris district. The Manouchian group committed numerous attacks against the German occupation forces.
The brigade spéciale n ° 2 of the French secret service managed to arrest numerous FTP / MOI activists in the course of 1943 . Manouchian was on 16 November 1943 at the station of Evry-Petit-Bourg arrested, the Secret Field Police transferred and the prison of Fresnes brought. Three months later, his group was charged with 56 actions with 150 dead and 600 wounded. In a spectacular process that took place on 17./18. February 1944 took place before a German court martial , he was sentenced to death . Manouchian was shot together with 22 comrades on February 21, 1944 on Mont Valérien .
In February 1944, as a deterrent, the Nazis hung the portraits of the death row inmates of the Manouchian group on the notorious “ red poster ”. The group's assassinations and acts of sabotage, classified as part of the general armed resistance , should be presented as the sole work of dubious foreign elements; these freedom fighters were branded as the "Army of Crime" ( L'Armée du crime ).
literature
- Stéphane Courtois, Denis Peschanski and Adam Rayski: L'affiche rouge. Immigrants and Jews in the French Resistance (“Le sang de l'étranger”). Translated from the French by Tom Wehmer. Schwarze-Risse-Verlag, Berlin 1994. ISBN 3-924737-22-3 .
- Missak Manouchian: Farewell letter . In: Irene Selle (ed.): France of my heart. The Resistance in Poem and Essay . Verlag Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-379-00090-6 , pp. 177f.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Affiche rouge
- ↑ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Enciclopedia (accessed October 7, 2010)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Manouchian, Missak |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Manoukian, Missak; Մանուշյան, Միսաք (Armenian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Armenian poet, journalist and resistance fighter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 1, 1906 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Adıyaman , Ottoman Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 21, 1944 |
| Place of death | Paris |