Mobilization (heavy metal)

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Mobilization refers to the release of heavy metals from solids .

properties

In geology , environmental chemistry and ecotoxicity referred mobilizing heavy metals an extraction such as the heavy metals from components of the earth's crust soils and sediments so that they are present in aqueous solution. The extraction takes place through various processes, for example through ion exchange , dissolution of minerals through acids, reduction and oxidation , and erosion . The causes of these processes can be abiotic (e.g. rain, sea ​​water , volcanism or lightning ) or biotic (e.g. bio-corrosion ). Depending on the solid in which the heavy metals are bound, the mobilization of the various heavy metals varies. For example, the mobilizability from clay minerals , carbonates , sulfides and hydroxides decreases in this order.

When disposing of electronic scrap , the uncontrolled mobilization of heavy metals is undesirable because it can get into the groundwater . Artificial mobilization of heavy metals can be achieved by chelators , e.g. B. for cleaning naturally polluted or contaminated floors.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ S. Wang, CN Mulligan: Enhanced mobilization of arsenic and heavy metals from mine tailings by humic acid. In: Chemosphere . Volume 74, Number 2, January 2009, pp. 274-279, ISSN  1879-1298 . doi : 10.1016 / j.chemosphere.2008.09.040 . PMID 18977015 .
  2. ↑ S. Wang, CN Mulligan: Effects of three low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and pH on the mobilization of arsenic and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) from mine tailings. In: Environmental geochemistry and health. Volume 35, Number 1, February 2013, pp. 111-118, ISSN  1573-2983 . doi : 10.1007 / s10653-012-9461-3 . PMID 22648854 .
  3. ^ A. Weiske, J. Schaller, T. Hegewald, S. Machill, I. Werner, EG Dudel: High mobilization of arsenic, metals and rare earth elements in seepage waters driven by respiration of old allochthonous organic carbon. In: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts . Volume 15, Number 12, November 2013, pp. 2297-2303, ISSN  2050-7895 . doi : 10.1039 / c3em00425b . PMID 24158370 .
  4. ^ VN Wong, SG Johnston, ED Burton, RT Bush, LA Sullivan, PG Slavich: Seawater-induced mobilization of trace metals from mackinawite-rich estuarine sediments. In: Water research. Volume 47, Number 2, February 2013, pp. 821-832, ISSN  1879-2448 . doi : 10.1016 / j.watres.2012.11.009 . PMID 23199454 .
  5. ^ J. Schaller, A. Weiske, F. Berger: Thunderbolt in biogeochemistry: galvanic effects of lightning as another source for metal remobilization. In: Scientific reports. Volume 3, 2013, p. 3122, ISSN  2045-2322 . doi : 10.1038 / srep03122 . PMID 24184989 . PMC 3816292 (free full text).
  6. ^ Z. Wei, X. Liang, H. Pendlowski, S. Hillier, K. Suntornvongsagul, P. Sihanonth, GM Gadd: Fungal biotransformation of zinc silicate and sulfide mineral ores. In: Environmental microbiology. Volume 15, Number 8, August 2013, pp. 2173-2186, ISSN  1462-2920 . doi : 10.1111 / 1462-2920.12089 . PMID 23419112 .
  7. ↑ H. Korehi, M. Blöthe, MA Sitnikova, B. Dold, A. Schippers: Metal Mobilization by Iron- and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in a Multiple Extreme Mine Tailings in the Atacama Desert, Chile. In: Environmental Science & Technology . [electronic publication before printing] February 2013, ISSN  1520-5851 . doi : 10.1021 / es304056n . PMID 23373853 .
  8. ↑ HJ Shipley, Y. Gao, AT Kan, MB Tomson: Mobilization of trace metals and inorganic compounds during resuspension of anoxic sediments from Trepangier Bayou, Louisiana. In: Journal of environmental quality. Volume 40, Number 2, 2011 Mar-Apr, pp. 484-491, ISSN  0047-2425 . PMID 21520756 .
  9. ↑ JK Pradhan, S. Kumar: Metals bioleaching from electronic waste by Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonads sp. In: Waste management & research: the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA. Volume 30, Number 11, November 2012, pp. 1151-1159, ISSN  1399-3070 . doi : 10.1177 / 0734242X12437565 . PMID 22452961 .
  10. ↑ J. Labanowski, F. Monna, A. Bermond, P. Cambier, C. Fernandez, I. Lamy, F. van Oort: Kinetic extractions to assess mobilization of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd in a metal-contaminated soil : EDTA vs. citrate. In: Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987). Volume 152, Number 3, April 2008, pp. 693-701, ISSN  0269-7491 . doi : 10.1016 / j.envpol.2007.06.054 . PMID 17692441 .