Modiolus auriculatus
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| ( Krauss , 1848) |
Modiolus auriculatus is a shell - type from the family of mussels (Mytilidae). The species is a Lessepsian immigrant in the eastern Mediterranean.
features
The gleichklappige, bloated in the middle of housing is up to 50 mm long, very rare mm and up 77th It is trapezoidal in outline. It is very unequal, the vertebrae sit terminally at the front end or protrude over the actual front end. The dorsal edge rises steeply to a flat-angled back or to a rounded, wing-like extension; this sits at about a third (from the front) to about the middle of the case. Then the dorsal edge falls off in a flat sinus and runs straight to slightly arched to the rear end. In the rear area of the housing, the ventral and dorsal edges run almost parallel, and it flattens out more and more laterally. The rear end is well rounded. The ventral margin is almost straight to even slightly concave. A groove runs from the vertebrae along the ventral edge and ends behind the byssus exit point (slightly behind the center of the housing). The ligament begins below the vertebrae as a deep, narrow pit, then becomes wider and flatter and ends well in front of the back or the wing-like process. There are no lock teeth. The posterior sphincter is very large, while the anterior sphincter is small, elongated, egg-shaped and deepened.
The shell is comparatively thick and tightly skinned. The color ranges from red-brown to matt red to olive-brown. The inner surface is whitish with a more or less intense purple tint. In juvenile specimens, the periostracum is elongated to form long hairs or bristles that lie close to one another or lie close to the surface, but are usually rubbed off. In adult specimens, the periosteal space is rather smooth and shiny, but also and particularly ventrally heavily worn. The surface of the shell is essentially smooth, only with fine strips of growth. On the inside you can also see the growth strips, but also some radial lines. The inner edge of the case is smooth.
Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life
The distribution area extends from South Africa along the East African coasts to the Arabian Peninsula (including the Gulf of Oman , Persian Gulf and Red Sea ). It was detected in the Suez Canal as early as 1905 , and from the coast of Israel in 1937 . It was dredged there from 51 to 55 m water depth , but is not common. In 2009 the species of French Polynesia was reported. In 2011 it was detected on the northeast coast of India .
In the tidal range of rocky coasts, the animals are attached to hard ground such as rocks, stones or coral fragments with byssus threads , and are anchored more rarely in loose sediment. They are suspension filter feeders.
development
The development described here follows a study that was carried out near Hurghada ( Egypt ). The animals are of separate sex. The male: female ratio was about 1: 1. The animals were sexually mature at a size of 3 cm. As expected, the development of the gonads in males and females was synchronous. Sexually mature animals were found all year round. The largest number of spawning individuals was observed between March and June / July. The sex products are released into the open water where fertilization takes place.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
The taxon was first described by Ferdinand Krauss in 1848 (as Modiola auriculata ). Modiola Lamarck, 1801 is a misspelling of Modiolus Lamarck, 1799. The taxon is generally accepted. According to molecular biological studies, Modiolus philippinarum is the closest related species.
literature
- Peter Graham Oliver, Kevin Thomas (pictures): Bivalved seashells of the Red Sea. 330 pp., Wiesbaden, Hemmen et al. a., 1992 ISBN 3-925919-08-2 (p. 52)
- Richard Kilburn, Elizabeth Rippey: Sea Shells of Southern Africa. 249 pp., Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg 1982 ISBN 0-86954-094-7 , (p. 160)
- Argyro Zenetos, Serge Gofas, Giovanni Russo, José Templado: CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean. Vol.3 Mollusca. CIESM (Frédéric Briand, ed.), Monaco, 2003 ISBN 92-990003-3-6 (p. 226/227, text online )
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Ferdinand Krauss: The South African mollusks; a contribution to the knowledge of the mollusks of the Cape and Natalland and their geographical distribution, with description and illustration of the new species. 140 p., Stuttgart, Ebner & Seubert, 1848. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 20/21), plate 2
- ↑ Jean Tröndle, Michel Boutet: Inventory of marine molluscs of French Polynesia. Atoll Research Bulletin, 570: 87 pp., National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 2009 PDF
- ↑ SK Pati, MV Rao, M. Balaji: New record of Modiolus auriculatus (Modiolinae: Mytilidae: Bivalvia) from the north-eastern coast of India. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Marine Biodiversity Records, 4: e66, pp. 1–3, 2011 doi: 10.1017 / S1755267211000716
- ↑ Fatma A. AbdelRazek, Salah E. Abdel-Gaid, Mohamed M. Abu-Zaid, Tarek A. Aziz: Aspects on the reproduction of eared horse mussel, Modiolus auriculatus (Krauss, 1848) in Red Sea, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40 (2): 191-198, 2014 doi: 10.1016 / j.ejar.2014.04.003
- ↑ MolluscaBase: Modiolus auriculatus (Krauss, 1848)
- ↑ Masato Owada, Bert W. Hoeksema: Molecular phylogeny and shell microstructure of Fungiacava eilatensis Goreau et al. 1968, boring into mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae), in relation to other mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Contributions to Zoology, 80 (3) 169-178, 2011 PDF ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
