Moissei Solomonowitsch Uritski

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Moissei Uritski

Moissei Solomonowitsch Urizki ( Russian Моисей Соломонович Урицкий ; * 1873 in Cherkassy , Kyiv Governorate , Russian Empire ; † August 30, 1918 in Petrograd ) was a Russian revolutionary and politician.

Life

Uritsky was of Jewish origin . His father, a merchant, died when Uritsky was three years old so he was raised by his mother. He received the traditional Jewish education and studied the Talmud . Under the influence of his older sister, he became enthusiastic about Russian literature . He attended the 1st State Municipal Gymnasium in Cherkassy and the Gymnasium in Bila Tserkva .

While studying law at Kiev University (graduated in 1897) Uritsky joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party and participated in the formation of a network through which political literature was introduced to Russia and disseminated. In 1897 Uritsky was arrested for running an illegal printing company and then driven into exile for a short time. He became a member of the revolutionary General Jewish Workers' Union and in 1903 became a Menshevik . After the revolution of 1905 he had to go back into exile because of his activities in St. Petersburg with which he had supported the revolution. Together with Alexander Parvus he sent revolutionary agents to Russia to subvert the tsarist security apparatus.

In 1914 Uritsky went to France and wrote for the party newspaper Our Word . When he returned to Russia in 1917, he first became a member of the Meschrajonzy group and then joined the Bolsheviks a few months before the October Revolution . In July 1917 Uritsky was elected to the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks. During the October Revolution he played an important role in the Bolsheviks' seizure of power. He was later appointed head of the Cheka , the Bolshevik secret police, in Petrograd. In this position Uritsky coordinated the persecution and prosecution of members of the high nobility, officers of the tsarist army and high-ranking clerics of the Orthodox Church who were hostile to the Bolsheviks.

Since Uritsky was against the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk , he resigned in 1918, as well as other prominent Bolsheviks, from his post. On March 4, 1918, the Petrograd Committee published the first issue of the magazine Kommunist , edited by Karl Radek and Uritsky and intended as a publication for the right-wing communist opposition. At the seventh congress of the Communist Party of Russia , which took place from March 6 to 8, 1918, Uritsky was re-elected to the Central Committee. Like his colleague Lomov , Uritsky suspended his membership for a few months despite constant requests from the Central Committee.

Leonid Kannegiesser

In view of the turmoil of the outbreak of civil war and the assassination of the Ambassador of the German Reich Wilhelm von Mirbach-Harff on July 9, 1918 in Moscow , Uritsky resumed his work.

On August 30, 1918, Urizki was shot in Petrograd by Leonid Kannegiesser , a young cadet who wanted to take revenge for the execution of some friends and other officers by the Cheka. Kannegiesser was a converted officer of Jewish origin who despised Bolshevik Jewish leaders above all because he viewed Marxism as a rebellion against God and human dignity. The murder of Uritsky and the failed assassination attempt by Fanny Kaplan on Lenin on the same day were used by the Bolsheviks as an occasion and as a justification for the bloody persecution that would later become known as the Red Terror .

Web links

Commons : Moisei Uritsky  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Chronos: Моисей Соломонович Урицкий (accessed October 15, 2018).
  2. ↑ a b c d Jackson, George; Devlin, Robert: Dictionary of the Russian Revolution . Greenwood Press, 1989, ISBN 0-313-21131-0 , pp. 599, 600, 722 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Санкт-Петербург (энциклопедия): Урицкий Моисей Соломонович (accessed October 15, 2018).
  4. ↑ a b c d Большая российская энциклопедия: УРИ́ЦКИЙ Моисей Соломонович (accessed October 15, 2018).
  5. ↑ Haupt, Georges; Marie, Jean-Jacques: Makers of the Russian revolution . George Allen & Unwin, London 1974, ISBN 0-8014-0809-1 , pp. 415 .
  6. ↑ С.П.Мельгунов: " Красный террор" в Росс i и 1918–1923 . 2nd Edition. Berlin 1924 ( lib.ru [accessed October 15, 2018]).
  7. ↑ Semion Lyandres: The 1918 Attempt on the Life of Lenin: A New Look at the Evidence . In: Slavic Review . tape 48 , no. 3 , 1989, pp. 432-448 .
personal data
SURNAME Uritski, Moissei Solomonowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Урицкий, Моисей Соломонович (Russian); Uritski, Moses Solomonowitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian revolutionary
DATE OF BIRTH 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH Cherkassy , Ukraine
DATE OF DEATH August 30, 1918
Place of death Petrograd