Monocercomonoides

Monocercomonoides
	Monocermonoides melolanthae
Systematics
Domain :	Eukaryotes (eukaryota)
without rank:	Excavata
Order :	Oxymonadida
Family :	Polymastigidae
Genre :	Monocercomonoides
Scientific name
	Monocercomonoides
	Travis , 1932

Monocercomonoides is a genus of flagellated eukaryotic unicellular organisms (" protozoa "), which belongs to the order of the Oxymonads . Monocercomonoides is the first known example of a nuclear cell ( eukaryote ) without mitochondria or comparable organelles ( hydrogenosomes , mitosomes ). The genome of this organism consists of 75 million base pairs (75 Mb) and contains 16,629 protein-coding genes, but no mitochondrial genes (mtDNA) and no genes for cardiolipin , a lipid that is only found in energy-converting membranes.

Monocercomonoides have an anterior nucleus and two pairs of anterior flagella . They come in mammals , amphibians , reptiles and insects before and are considered non-pathogenic viewed (not sickening).

The metabolism of Monocercomonoides is maintained by sulfur instead of oxygen. It is believed that these unicellular organisms acquired a cytosolic system through horizontal gene transfer in order to provide the iron-sulfur clusters required for protein synthesis. After that, their mitochondrial organelles were superfluous in all their functions and were lost.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Anna Karnkowska, Vojtěch Vacek, Zuzana Zubáčová, Sebastian C. Treitli, Romana Petrželková, Laura Eme, Lukáš Novák, Vojtěch Žárský, Lael D. Barlow, Emily K. Herman, Petr Soukal, Miluše Hroudová, Pavel Doležal, Courtney Stairs, Andrew J. Roger, Marek Eliáš, Joel B. Dacks, Čestmír Vlček, Vladimír Hampl: A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle . In: Current Biology, Elsevier Cell Press . 26, No. 10, May 13, 2016, ISSN 0960-9822 , pp. 1274-1284. doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2016.03.053 . PMID 27185558 . Retrieved April 9, 2019.
↑ Ryan O'Hare: The strange creatures that may turn evolution on its head: Organisms power themselves in a different way to every other plant, animal and fungus on the planet. Daily Mail Online, May 12, 2016, accessed May 13, 2016 .
^ MA Taylor, RL Coop, RL Wall: Veterinary Parasitology. John Wiley & Sons, 2015, ISBN 978-0470671627 , p. 128.
↑ Davis, Josh L .: Scientists Shocked to Discover Eukaryote With NO Mitochondria . May 13, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2019.

[KarnkowskaVacek2016-1] Anna Karnkowska, Vojtěch Vacek, Zuzana Zubáčová, Sebastian C. Treitli, Romana Petrželková, Laura Eme, Lukáš Novák, Vojtěch Žárský, Lael D. Barlow, Emily K. Herman, Petr Soukal, Miluše Hroudová, Pavel Doležal, Courtney Stairs, Andrew J. Roger, Marek Eliáš, Joel B. Dacks, Čestmír Vlček, Vladimír Hampl: A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle . In: Current Biology, Elsevier Cell Press . 26, No. 10, May 13, 2016, ISSN 0960-9822 , pp. 1274-1284. doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2016.03.053 . PMID 27185558 . Retrieved April 9, 2019.

[O'Hare-2] Ryan O'Hare: The strange creatures that may turn evolution on its head: Organisms power themselves in a different way to every other plant, animal and fungus on the planet. Daily Mail Online, May 12, 2016, accessed May 13, 2016 .

[Veterinary_Parasitology-3] MA Taylor, RL Coop, RL Wall: Veterinary Parasitology. John Wiley & Sons, 2015, ISBN 978-0470671627 , p. 128.

[JDavisIFL-4] Davis, Josh L .: Scientists Shocked to Discover Eukaryote With NO Mitochondria . May 13, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2019.