Monocracy
Monocracy ( Greek : mono 'alone, individually', kratîn 'rule') is the generic term for organizational forms of autocracy “within a social or political unit (group, organization, state)”, in which the actual or formal final decision-making power is with only one People lies. It "describes a principle of organization and responsibility in which the management and decision-making power is only exercised by one person who is also responsible for the decisions made (monocratic leadership)".
politics
According to the sociologist Günter Hartfiel, a distinction must be made between “legitimate or illegitimate domination” in the form of monarchy on the one hand and tyranny or dictatorship on the other. In terms of the history of politics and ideas, the monarchy is generally valued as a form of rule that is conducive to the welfare of the community and tyranny is understood as an autocracy detrimental to the common good .
Apart from the numerous monarchies and dictatorships in history, most of the democratically constituted states of the present time are also led by a personal head of state who is often elected and has special rights . Such states, too, are in some cases still run monocratically, but the constitution provides numerous control options. This also applies to states in which the monarchy continues to exist formally, but which have a democratic constitution. Among the rare collegial (but in contrast with a military junta democratically elected) government guides counts Federal of Switzerland .
Organizations
Even if in liberal democracies companies , parties , municipalities , authorities , bands and other political institutions are usually not structured in a monocratic way, i.e. usually exclude or avoid the absolute rule of an individual, a strong top in an organization can easily lead to the impression of sole rule arises. This can take forms up to a personality cult, for example in the sense of a star or leader cult. It happens, for example, when the public - often as a result of media coverage determined by news factors such as celebrity and personalization - only associates organizations such as associations, companies, religious communities , regional authorities , parties or sports clubs with and only those under their leadership with a very dominant personality Acting levels, people, competences and responsibilities hardly perceive.
See also
Web links
- Keyword monocracy in the policy dictionary of the Federal Agency for Civic Education
Individual evidence
- ^ Günter Hartfiel: Dictionary of Sociology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 410). 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-520-41002-8 , p. 463.
- ^ Klaus Schubert, Martina Klein: Das Politiklexikon. 4th edition. Bonn: Dietz 2006.
- ^ Eckart Roloff : Cult of personality instead of democracy . In: Neues Deutschland, 26./27. February 2011, p. W 10.