Peatland

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Peatland

A bog soil is a water-saturated soil that consists of peat . The peat layer must be at least 30 cm thick. Traditionally, peat bogs are divided into raised bogs and fens based on their water supply .

properties

In the German soil systematics, peat soils form a separate department because, like no other soil, the initial material is created when they are formed. This section summarizes soils with a peat thickness of more than 30 cm, which are mainly caused by the incomplete decomposition of plant residues. It is therefore organic soils with humus horizons that are often several meters thick and at least 30% organic matter. Is the Torfauflage less than 30 cm, or the content of organic substance is less than 30%, one speaks of Moorgleyen or Anmoorbildungen .

In the German system, a distinction is made within the class of "natural moors", depending on their genesis:

  • Subhydrisch formed by primary and / or supergiant Lung water (mineral soil water) influenced Moore and fens
  • Regardless of the groundwater level, rain bogs or raised bogs formed solely by precipitation water

Secondary soil formation takes place after the peat soils have been drained. Depending on the duration and intensity of the ventilation caused by the drainage as well as the frequency of the drying out, characteristic structures arise from mineralization and humification . In addition to the class of "near-natural moors", the soil systematics therefore also includes the class of "earth and mud moors " with the types:

  • Low earth bog
  • Mulmniedermoor
  • Erdhochmoor

Most peat soils belong to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) and the USDA Soil Taxonomy to Histosolen . But the individual correlation is not that easy:

  • Only a part of the peat soils of the German soil systematic belongs to the histosols. On the one hand, histosols have stricter thickness criteria. On the other hand, a Histosol from WRB requires an organic carbon content of at least 20% (corresponding to 40% organic matter). In the Soil Taxonomy, this is 12 to 18% depending on the clay content, which is partly above and partly below the German limit of 15%.
  • The rock humus soils and skeletal humus soils of the German soil systematic also belong to the histosols if they meet their thickness criteria.

Bottom of the year

The fen was selected by the Federal Soil Association and the German Soil Science Society as Soil of the Year 2012 .

See also

literature

  • AG BODEN: Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung , Ed .: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials and Geological State Offices, 4th edition, 392 pp., 33 figs., 91 tabs., Hannover 1994. ISBN 3-510-95804-7 .
  • AD-HOC Working Group Soil: Soil Science Mapping Instructions , Ed .: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials in cooperation with the State Geological Services, 5th edition, 438 p .; 41 figs., 103 tabs., 31 lists, Hannover 2005. ISBN 3-510-95920-5 .
  • H.-P. Blume, P. Felix-Henningsen, WR Fischer: Handbook of soil science. Ecomed Verlag, Landsberg 2002, ISBN 3-60972232-0 .
  • W. Amelung, H.-P. Blume , H. Fleige, R. Horn, E. Kandeler , I. Kögel-Knabner , R. Kretschmar, K. Stahr , B.-M. Wilke: Scheffer / Schachtschabel textbook of soil science. 17th edition. Heidelberg 2018. ISBN 978-3-662-55870-6 .
  • Michael Succow , M. Jeschke: Moore in the landscape. Origin, household, living world, distribution, use and maintenance of the moors. Thun, Frankfurt am Main 1990, ISBN 3-87144-954-7 .
  • Michael Succow: Landscape Ecological Moorkunde . Jena 1988.
  • Soil Survey Staff: Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 12th edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service. US Department of Agriculture. Washington DC, USA, 2014.
  • IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, Update 2015. World Soil Resources Reports 106, FAO, Rome 2015. ISBN 978-92-5-108369-7 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Moorboden  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2012 - Niedermoor