Moritellaceae

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Moritellaceae
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Gammaproteobacteria
Order : Alteromonadales
Family : Moritellaceae
Scientific name
Moritellaceae
Ivanova et al. 2004

The Moritellaceae are a family of bacteria within the Gammaproteobacteria . They are marine bacteria. Most species grow at relatively low temperatures. Some representatives occur in the deep sea and thus tolerate high pressure.

Characteristics and metabolism

The individual species of the Moritellaceae have a (polar) flagellum at the end of the cell , the species Paramoritella alkaliphila has subpolar flagellum, the flagellum is located near the cell pole. The species are facultatively anaerobic . Fermentation takes place under anaerobic conditions, ie when there is no free oxygen . All species react positively to the oxidase and catalase test.

Systematics

Moritellaceae is a family that belongs to the order Alteromonadales within the class Gammaproteobacteria. It includes the genera Moritella and Paramoritella. Currently (as of July 2020) seven species of the genus Moritella and two species of Paramoritella are known.

The genus Moritella was reorganized in 1998. On the basis of phylogenetic studies, the species Vibrio marinus , which was created in 1891, was transferred to this genus as Moritella marina . In 2004, the species was Moritella of Elena P. Ivanova and employees transferred to the newly established family Moritellaceae. In 2009 another genus, the Paramoritella , was discovered and placed in the Moritellaceae family.

The following is a list of species (as of July 2020):

ecology

The Moritellaceae family contains cold-loving ( psychrophilic ) species. Psychrophilic bacteria show optimal growth at a temperature less than or equal to 15 ° C. the maximum temperature where growth still takes place is 20 ° C. All species of the genus Moritella are psychrophilic, with the species Moritella marina the best growth occurs under normal atmospheric pressure at 15 ° C, with M. japonica at 10 ° C and with M. profunda at 2 ° C. The species M. viscosa may exceed the value for the maximum temperature, it is between 21 and 24 ° C. The types of Moritella are also salt-loving (halophilic). The species Paramoritella sediminis and Paramoritella alkaliphila , however, are mesophilic , the former shows best growth at 23.6 ° C, Paramoritella alkaliphila at 30 ° C. Some types of Moritella occur in the deep sea and can therefore withstand high pressure ( barophilic , also known as piezophilic). Moritella yayanosii was found at a depth of 10,898 m in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench . The Shewanella benthica bacterium was also isolated. The species Moritella yayanosii is absolutely dependent on high pressure (obligatory barophile), it only shows growth from a pressure of 50 megapascals (mPa). At a temperature of 10 ° C it shows the best growth at a hydrostatic pressure of 80 mPa. At this temperature it tolerates pressure ratios up to a maximum of 100 mPa. The best growth occurs at an NaCl concentration of around 3%. Moritella japonica was isolated in the Japan Trench at a depth of 6356 m. Optimal growth occurs at temperatures between 10 and 15 ° C.

Other types of bacteria that tolerate high pressure are present, for example, in the genera Colwellia , Photobacterium and Shewanella .

Moritella species are important model organisms for the study of cold-loving organisms. Interesting are u. a. the enzymes adapted to the low temperatures. The adaptation of these species to the high pressure ratios in the deep sea are also of great interest. Moritella species are also known as producers of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as: B. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22: 6ω-3).

Structural formula of docosahexaenoic acid

Moritella viscosa is a causative agent of the "winter ulcer" disease in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and can cause skin diseases in other fish species.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b George M. Garrity , Don J. Brenner , Noel R. Krieg, James T. Staley (Eds.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd Edition. tape  2 : The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria . Springer-Verlag, New York 2005, ISBN 0-387-95040-0 , doi : 10.1007 / 0-387-28022-7 . Pages 465 - 467
  2. ↑ a b Shoichi Hosoya, Shino Suzuurki, Kyoko Adachi, Satoru Matsuda and Hiroaki Kasai: Paramoritella alkaliphila gen. Nov., Sp. nov., a member of the family Moritellaceae isolated in the Republic of Palau. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59, 2009, pp. 411-416 doi: 10.1099 / ijs.0.65809-0 .
  3. ↑ Hidetoshi Urakawa, Kumiko Kita-Tsukamoto, Sue E. Steven, Kouichi Ohwada, Rita R. Colwell: A proposal to transfer Vibrio marinus (Russell 1891) to a new genus Moritella gen. Nov. as Moritella marina comb. Nov. In: FEMS Microbiology Letters 165, 1998, pp. 373-378.
  4. ^ A b c Eugene Rosenberg, Edward F. DeLong, Stephen Lory, Erko Stackebrandt , Fabiano Thompson: The Prokaryotes. Gammaproteobacteria. 4th edition, Springer, 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-38923-8 . Page 477-491
  5. ↑ Elena P Ivanova, Sébastien Flavie and Richard Christen: Phylogenetic relationships among marine Alteromonas-like proteobacteria: emended description of the family Alteromonadaceae and proposal of Pseudoalteromonadaceae fam. nov., Colwelliaceae fam. nov., Shewanellaceae fam. nov., Moritellaceae fam. nov., Ferrimonadaceae fam. nov., Idiomarinaceae fam. nov. and Psychromonadaceae fam. nov In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, 2004, pp. 1773-1788, doi: 10.1099 / ijs.0.02997-0 .
  6. ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature. - Moritellaceae (as of July 18, 2020).
  7. ↑ Sung-Hyun Yang, Hyun-Seok Seo, Jung-Hyun Lee, Sang-Jin Kim and Kae Kyoung Kwon: Paramoritella sediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment, and emended descriptions of the genus Paramoritella Hosoya et al. 2009 and Paramoritella alkaliphila In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, 2013, pp. 2265-2269, doi: 10.1099 / ijs.0.047415-0 .
  8. ^ Y. Nogi and Chiaki Kato: Taxonomic studies of extremely barophilic bacteria isolated from the Mariana Trench and description of Moritella yayanosii sp. nov., a new barophilic bacterial isolated from the Mariana Trench and description of Moritella yayanosii sp. nov., a new barophilic bacterial isolate In: Extremophiles. Volume 3, No. 1, January 1999, pp. 71-77, doi: 10.1007 / s007920050101 .
  9. ^ Y. Nogi, C. Kato, K. Horikoshi: Moritella japonica sp. nov., a novel barophilic bacterium isolated from a Japan Trench sediment. In: The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 44, 1998, pp. 289-295, doi: 10.2323 / jgam.44.289 .