Moritz Friedländer (religious historian)

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Moritz Friedländer (born October 17, 1844 in Borský Svätý Jur ; died January 30, 1919 in Vienna ) was an Austro-Hungarian pedagogue, private scholar and religious historian.

Life

Moritz Friedländer studied at the University of Prague and took part in Talmud seminars given by the Prague chief rabbi Salomo Juda Rapoport . Because of his liberal views, he was unable to pursue the desired career path of rabbi after completing his doctorate. After a brief activity as a high school teacher, he became secretary of the Israelite Alliance in Vienna in 1875. From 1881 to 1882 he traveled several times with a delegation from the Alliance Israélite Universelle to Brody to help Russian Jews emigrate to the United States. He published his impressions under the title Five Weeks in Brody . Against strong resistance from the Charedim , he campaigned for the establishment of a general Jewish school system in Galicia . As head of the Baron Hirsch Foundation , he founded around 50 Jewish craft schools there.

Moritz Friedländer was married to the writer Rosalie Grünhut; their son Oskar, born in 1881, took on the name Oskar Ewald after his conversion to Protestantism .

stories

Friedländer published ghetto narratives, which, however, do not represent literary processing of experiences in Galicia, as contemporaries assumed in Vom Cheder zur Werkstätte (Vienna 1885), but promoted the educational reforms of the author and the Alliance Israélite Universelle. The plot varies according to a pattern: the protagonist is supposed to become a teacher in the cheder , refuses, has to leave the ghetto, meets Jewish craftsmen and learns a trade.

Scientific positions

Friedländer represented a very positive image of ancient Hellenistic Judaism and presented it as a model for the present in numerous publications. Friedländer's interpretation of Paulus von Tarsus is unusual . He had helped the universalism of Diaspora Judaism against the Pharisaism of the first disciples of Jesus in the early church to break through.

Works (selection)

  • Patristic and Talmudic Studies . Hölder, Vienna 1878.
  • Judaism in the pre-Christian Greek world: a contribution to the genesis of Christianity . M. Breitenstein, Vienna / Leipzig 1897.
  • The religious movements within Judaism in the age of Jesus . Reimer, Berlin 1905.
  • Synagogue and church in their beginnings . Reimer, Berlin 1908.

literature

  • Isidore Singer : Art. Friedländer, Moritz . In: Jewish Encyclopedia (1906), Volume 5, pp. 507f.
  • Arthur Bernhard Posner: Art. Friedlaender, Moriz . In: Jüdisches Lexikon, Volume 2, Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin 1928, Sp. 829.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ For the dates of birth and death see: Estate database Kalliope union catalog: Friedländer, Moritz (1844-1919) . Kenneth H. Ober: The Ghetto History: Origin and Development of a Genus . Wallstein, Göttingen 2001, p. 104. In the Jewish Encyclopedia and the Jewish Lexicon, the year of birth is given as 1842. 
  2. ^ Art. Ewald, Oskar . In: German Literature Lexicon , greeted by Wilhelm Kosch . Volume 8, Col. 151.
  3. ^ Gabriele von Glasenapp: From the Judengasse. On the emergence and development of German-language ghetto literature in the 19th century . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2015, p. 167f.
  4. ^ Arthur Bernhard Posner: Friedlaender, Moriz , Berlin 1928, Sp. 829.
  5. ↑ Stefan Meissner: The bringing home of the heretic: Studies on the Jewish conflict with Paul . Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1996, p. 38.
personal data
SURNAME Friedländer, Moritz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedländer, Moriz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-Hungarian pedagogue, private scholar and religious historian
DATE OF BIRTH October 17, 1844
PLACE OF BIRTH Borský Svätý Jur
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1919
Place of death Vienna