Museum of the Oil and Gas Industry Bóbrka
The Museum of the Oil and Gas Industry in Bóbrka named after Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish: Muzeum Przemysłu Naftowego i Gazowniczego im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza w Bóbrce ) is located in Bóbrka around 10 kilometers southwest of the independent city of Krosno . The open-air museum belongs to the Chorkówka municipality in the Polish Subcarpathian Voivodeship and is located in a former oil production area.
Oil production in Bóbrka
The forests near the village of Bóbrka were already known in the Middle Ages for their oil-rich soils. For centuries the farmers in the area have been skimming the surface oil and using it for medical treatment of cattle or for lubricating axles and wheels. In 1854 the owner of these forests, Karol Klobassa-Zrencki , the owner of the nearby village of Polanka, Tytus Trzecieski, and the chemist and pharmacist Ignacy Łukasiewicz began the industrial mining of the raw material. The oil mine operated there was the first in the world. In 1856 the three partners founded the Łukasiewicz-Trzecieski-Klobassa company. First of all, collecting oil was skimmed off in a 120-meter-long drainage ditch created for this purpose. Later, holes were made up to 150 meters deep. Around 60 drilling devices were built between 1854 and 1880. The “Małgorzata” well from 1858 already produced a production of 4,000 liters / day.
In 1871 Klobassa took over the shares of his partners and became the sole owner of the facility. However, Łukasiewicz continued to lead the company. The death of the two in the 1880s put an end to the founding phase of Polish oil production and processing. In 1893 the mine was taken over by the MacGarvey-Bergheim company - later Galizische Karpathen-Petroleum-Aktiengesellschaft (Glinik Mariampolski). In 1920 the GKP AG fell to the French Société des Petroles de Dabrowa SA (Paris / Lille) and from 1923 the owner was the Dąbrowa consortium .
As a result, the mine belonged to the Małopolska consortium until the outbreak of the Second World War , then to the Beskiden Erdöl -gewinnungsgesellschaft mbH (Krosno) and the Karpathen Öl AG (Jasło / Lemberg). After the war, nationalization took place within the Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo (PGNiG).
The oil industry south of Lviv was the center of Galician oil production. Today the oil stocks in this area are largely exhausted. In the year 2000, of the 350,000 tons (land extraction only) extracted in all of Poland, only 64,000 tons were extracted in the south of the country.
Museum history
The erection of a memorial obelisk by Ignatz Łukasiewicz in 1872 can be seen as a first step towards remembering the history of oil production in the area. The Polish inscription on this approximately 5 meter high monument reads: “In memory of the establishment of an oil mine in Bóbrka in 1854, Ignacy Łukasiewicz November 4, 1872” . The idea of creating an open-air museum arose between the two world wars. The plan was not implemented until the 1960s. On May 23, 1961, a corresponding decision was made by the responsible council of the museum in Krosno. In the same year the board of directors of the Society of Engineers and Technicians of the Oil and Gas Industry also passed a resolution establishing the museum. Also in 1961, a supporting association was founded under the direction of Henryk Górka, which included managers of petroleum companies, drilling companies, refineries and associated institutions from Krosno, Sanok , Ustrzyki , Mielec , Jasło , Piła and Gorlice . From 1967 onwards, existing buildings and drilling rigs were restored. In 1977 and 1978 additional land was purchased to expand the facility. In May 2000, after two years of construction, the modern museum building (“Large Exhibition Pavilion”) was opened.
Museum components
The around 50 outdoor exhibits include drilling equipment from the early years of the mine - including various hand-operated conveying equipment for seepage groups and shafts. Several wooden huts containing blacksmiths, repair shops or drive units date from the same period. Other exhibits were acquired from other oil production facilities, including the first mechanical drilling and production equipment with above-ground winches.
Drilling and conveying equipment (selection)
Hand-operated seepage group fountain
Canadian-style drilling rigs (front type " Trauzl ", rear type "OP 1200")
"Trauzl 800" drilling tower
Drill ram
In the 20th century, vehicles were increasingly used in oil production. The museum shows special tracked and wheeled vehicles that were used to locate, extract and transport oil.
Vehicles (selection)
Winch tug
Winch tug ( Stalinez-80 )
Transport vehicle ( KrAZ-219 )
Seismic vibration generator
Individual evidence
- ↑ according to other sources he had the first name Mikołaj
- ↑ according to Andrzej Kozłowski: Calendar Polskiego Przemysłu Naftowego. published by Wydział Geologii Uniwersytetu Warzawskiego on October 10, 2003 ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The shareholders of Beskiden Erdöl-WINNING GMBH were DEA , Preussag , Wintershall AG , Elwerath union , Reichswerke Hermann Göring and Deutsche Gasolin AG , according to Johannes Bähr: The exploitation of resources. The continental oil AG , in: Klaus-Dietmar Henke (Ed.), The Dresdner Bank in the economy of the Third Reich , ISBN 3-486-57759-X , Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, p. 367
- ↑ on Karpaten Öl AG, see also Rainer Karlsch, A forgotten large company. The history of the Karpaten Öl AG , in: Yearbook for Economic History , Forced Labor under National Socialism in the Occupied Territories , edition 2004/1, Akademie-Verlag, p. 95 ff.
- ↑ according to Reinhold Vetter, Between Wisła / Vistula, Bug and Karpaty / Carpathian Mountains , in: Poland. History, art and landscape of an ancient European cultural nation . DuMont Art Travel Guide, 3rd edition, DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7701-2023-X , p. 526.
- ↑ according to Natural resources on Poland.gov.pl
literature
- Zespoł Fundacji Bóbrka, The Ignacy Łukasiewicz Museum of Oil and gas Industry in Bóbrka . Museum information folder, print: ARP, Krosno 07/2006 and 02/2007.
Web links
- Museum website (in English)
- At the source of the forgotten European oil boom , article on the history of oil production in the Galician Carpathians from December 11, 2007 on NZZ Online
Coordinates: 49 ° 37 ′ 4 " N , 21 ° 42 ′ 23" E