Torn hamstring
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| T14.6 | Injury to muscles and tendons in an unspecified part of the body |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
A ruptured muscle fiber is a sports injury in which muscle tissue is ruptured after a heavy load . In contrast to muscle strain, a structural change with destruction of muscle cells and hemorrhage can be seen. Most often the calf and thigh muscles are affected.
Muscle strain, muscle fiber torn and muscle rupture are based on the same mechanism and only differ in the extent of the muscle damage. When a muscle fiber ruptures, many muscle fibers are torn, usually an entire muscle fiber bundle. Small cracks do not have a noticeable effect on performance and are common with every workout.
Injury Mechanism
When the muscle fiber tears, the reticular fibers that are connected to the costamer of the basement membrane of the muscles tear . As with muscle strain, the first few minutes after the injury determine the duration of the restricted performance. The faster the muscle fiber tear is cooled, the less the bleeding, the shorter the treatment time. Local inflammation occurs in the muscles. At the same time, there is a local decrease in tone in the injured area. A torn muscle fiber can only be diagnosed with a microscopic examination.
A complete muscle tear leads to profuse bleeding into the tissue with a partial total failure of the muscle contraction. The muscle ends withdraw in the direction of the respective tendon. The diagnosis is relatively clear here with muscle function tests, ultrasound and magnetic resonance, although the images are often difficult to interpret due to large bleeding.
Symptoms
Sudden shooting pain is a very common symptom. After the onset of pain, the function of the affected muscle usually remains painfully restricted for a long time. When large muscles tear, indentations or contracted muscle parts can be seen. The torn muscle fiber can be narrowed down more precisely using sonography or magnetic resonance imaging .
diagnosis
Scanning the muscle reveals a localized pain in the area of the muscle injury. If the crack is superficial, a circumscribed or sagging bruise can be seen.
Some diseases and injuries show a similar appearance, but require different treatment. Examples of injuries are a tendon tear , a ruptured Baker's cyst , a muscle contusion or, rarely, a stress fracture . Examples of diseases with symptoms that resemble a torn hamstring include some forms of myositis , thrombophlebitis, or thrombosis .
therapy
As an immediate measure, stop moving and apply the PECH rule . The most important thing is to take it easy and if necessary, pain therapy. Immobilization is necessary after an operative reconstruction. It makes sense to raise the leg on the calf, as the swelling in the area around the tear is less likely and causes less pain.
The effectiveness of measures such as electrical stimulation, heat treatment and ointments is controversial. The spontaneous healing rate is high in torn muscle fibers. Surgical intervention takes place in the case of injuries with functional impairment and is necessary for athletes because the muscle cannot reconstruct itself. Deformations and malfunctions occur. After an operation, the affected muscle is immobilized for six weeks to prevent it from tearing again. The USA has had good experiences with accompanying testosterone therapy in order to minimize the muscle atrophy that occurs during the training break .
Rupture of muscle bundles
The particularly strong form of a muscle fiber tear is a muscle bundle tear, in which, in contrast to a muscle fiber tear, not only individual fibers but a complete muscle bundle tear.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Arnd Krüger , Helmut Oberdieck : Small guide for athletics injuries. Bartels & Wernitz, Berlin 1975.
- ^ Brian W Wu, Max Berger u. a .: Randomized control trial to evaluate the effects of acute testosterone administration in men on muscle mass, strength, and physical function following ACL reconstructive surgery: rationale, design, methods. In: BMC Surgery. 14, 2014, doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2482-14-102 .
- ↑ Torn muscle bundles - causes, symptoms and therapy on Gesundheits- Fakten.de
