Sports injury
Sports injuries are injuries suffered by recreational and competitive athletes while practicing their sport . A distinction is made between acute sports injuries (mostly accidents ) and chronic sports injuries (overuse or improper stress).
The most common acute injuries are bruises and sprains (35.5%). This is followed by fractures and dislocations (28.4%), as well as injuries to tendons , ligaments and muscles (22.5%). Some sports involve certain risks.
A distinction is made between endogenous injuries that the athlete sustains without any external influence (for example, through incorrect training or overexertion in competition) and exogenous injuries that are inflicted by the opponent on the athlete.
The overall picture of sports injuries differs significantly from that of injuries such as those that occur in road traffic or in industrial accidents. 20% of all accidents in Germany are sports accidents. Sports medicine deals with the treatment of chronic complaints ( e.g. tennis elbow , periostitis ) and the aftercare treatment of severe injuries ( e.g. ruptured Achilles tendon ) .
A sports helmet and protective clothing can significantly reduce the risk of injury.
Statistical
The Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health collects and publishes, among other things, data on accidental injuries in the home and leisure area. In doing so, it is based on estimates or projections by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) on survey data (GEDA and KiGGS).
Their statistics show the following figures for Germany for 2011:
3.1 million leisure accidents, thereof 7,796 fatal accidents (of a total of 20,406 fatal accidents - that is 38.2 percent).
There is no statistical evidence that chewing gum during exercise significantly increases the risk of injury. The risk is not zero but is actually so low that it is not mentioned in scientific injury statistics. For most children, adolescents and adults, it would also be very difficult to completely block the windpipe . However, a very large lump of gum would make it possible. The windpipe can then be freed again by a Heimlich maneuver . Problems can arise in children under the age of 5, who have a smaller mouth and windpipe and are therefore at greater risk of suffocation.
Countermeasures
For prophylaxis, physical activity must be adapted to the general physical condition. Gymnastic exercises, known as warming up , before training and competitions reduce the risk of injury. Appropriate equipment is of great importance in numerous sports, for example fall protectors for inline skating . With an injury of the extremities is intended for the PECH Scheme be moved: P casing, E is (cooling), C ompression (for example, pressure dressing), H ochlagern.
Social costs
It has been and is repeatedly put up for discussion to cover the costs arising from sports injuries through additional payments or additional insurance for athletes (see also the polluter pays principle ). For example, every ski pass (day pass or similar) that a skier buys could include a contribution / insurance for these costs. However, since only about 0.8% of the total costs in the health care system can be ascribed to sports injuries (2010), the health benefits of sport seem to be significantly greater.
See also
- Trauma surgery
- Sports Traumatology
- Overconfidence
- Risk Perception - Research Area of Psychology
- Risk , risk analysis , risk assessment
- Safety culture
literature
- Artur Wechselberger, Karin Gruber: Sports injuries. Prevent, recognize, treat. Verlagshaus der Ärzte, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-901488-56-1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Arnd Krüger , Helmut Oberdieck : Small guide for athletics injuries. Bartels & Wernitz, Berlin 1975, ISBN 3-87039-955-4 .
- ↑ baua.de ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Guardian Staff: Brazilian discovers chewing gum and playing football don't mix . In: The Guardian . August 26, 2009, ISSN 0261-3077 ( theguardian.com [accessed February 2, 2019]).
- ↑ Berenike Seither: Sports injuries in Germany - a representative study on epidemiology and risk factors. Medical Faculty of the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 2008, accessed on February 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Dev K. Mishra: Chewing Gum Or Chewing Mouthguard? Take your pick. In: Sideline Sports Doc. August 23, 2016, accessed February 2, 2019 .
- ↑ http://www.budoten.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/arag-sportunfaelle.pdf , auf. November 1, 2016.
