Mycterus curculioides

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Mycterus curculioides
Mycterus curculioides, 2 specimens on Reseda

Mycterus curculioides , 2 specimens on Reseda

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Subordination : Polyphaga
Family : Hairy weevil (Mycteridae)
Genre : Mycterus
Type : Mycterus curculioides
Scientific name
Mycterus curculioides
( Fabricius , 1781)
Mycteridae - Mycterus curculioides.-1.JPG Mycterus curculioides front.jpg Mycterus curculioides front2.jpg
Fig. 1 side view Fig. 2 Front view Fig. 3 on Reseda
Mycterus curculioides Reitter.png
 Mycterus curculioides Castelnau.png
Fig. 4 A: Lower lip with lip probe
B: Lower jaw with jaw probe 		Fig. 5 a: Head
Fig. 5 b: Front leg

Mycterus curculioides is a beetle belonging tothe hairy weevil family . In an old German textbook on insects, the beetle has the vernacular names weevil-like nose beetles or trumpet beetles . However, both names are not in use.

The genus Mycterus is represented in Europe with three species , which are divided into two subgenera. Worldwide the genus comprises nine species. The species Mycterus curculionides is listed in the Red Lists of Germany and Bavaria under category 1 (threatened with extinction).

Notes on the name

The part of the name “Scheinrüssler” of the family name Haarscheussler expresses that the animals like the weevils have a proboscis, but are fundamentally different from the weevils. In contrast to the weevils, the upper lip is not receded, the antennae ends are not thickened like a club, and the number of tarsal links is different in the weevils.

The beetle was first described by Fabricius in 1781 under the name Rhinomacer curculioides . Fabricius puts the genus Rhinomacer behind the genus Curculio . The Latin description of the species begins with Fabricius with the words statura onmino curculionis ( lat the shape completely that of a weevil). This explains the species name curculioidēs (from curcūlio, weevil and ancient Greek ειδής “eidēs” for “similar”). In 1803 Olivier accidentally replaced the species name curculioides with curculionoides in an encyclopedia by incorrectly quoting Fabricius ( fr. Rhinomacer curculionoide ( Rhinomacer curculionoides Fab. )). Olivier himself uses the spelling curculioides again in 1807 , but other authors ( Latreille , Illiger and others) adopt the species name curculionoides . In the following years the synonym curculionoides for the species name is more common than curculioides . The generic name Rhinomacer (from ancient Greek ρίς, ρινός “rhis rhinos” for “nose” and Latin “mácer” for “thin”) refers to the slender trunk-like extension of the head. Fabricius genus name is a younger homonym, the same name was given by Geoffroy in 1762 and by Müller in 1764 for another genus of beetles (which is now called Cimberis ).

Clairville and Schellenberg split the genus Rhinomacer in 1792 and introduce the genus Mycterus without specifying the etymology for the name . According to Schenkling , Myctērus is from ancient Gr. μυκτήρ, μυκτήρος "myktēr, myktēros" derived for "nose". The species itself is called Mycterus griseus by Clairville , creating another synonym. The species is placed in the family of weevils near Clairville . Later the genus was assigned to different families, for example to the longhorn beetles , the soft beetles , then to the dragon beetles in the subfamily Mycterinae, which is now regarded as an independent family weevil .

Description of the beetle

The cylindrical beetle varies greatly in size and color. Without a trunk, it becomes six to twelve millimeters long. As long as the beetle is fresh, it is shaggy, yellowish-gray on top, hairy and yellowish-pollinated. In older animals, the black base color increasingly comes to light through abrasion, so that the animals can appear yellow, gray, single-colored or spotted.

The head is flat and finely dotted . The narrowing to a trunk occurs abruptly right in front of the eyes. The almost bald proboscis is about half as long as the breast shield, and about twice as long as it is wide, with almost parallel sides. In the male, it is slightly longer than in the female. It has three longitudinal ribs, of which the middle one is the weakest. The two parallel grooves between the ribs continue on the forehead and diverge above the eyes. The upper jaws are barely visible from above. You end up split at the top. The jaw probe (Fig. 4B) is four-part, the jaw probe end member is ax-shaped. The three-part lip stylus is small, the end part the largest, but neither triangular nor truncated (Fig. 4A). The black, thread-like antennae (Fig. 5 a) are turned in halfway along the trunk to the side of the outer longitudinal rib. They consist of eleven somewhat flattened, outwardly slightly thicker limbs. They are about the same length, only the third link is longer. The links are not exactly inserted into the tip of the preceding antennae so that they give the impression that the antennae are sawn. The front part of the last antenna segment is somewhat pinched off and can therefore simulate another antenna segment (Fig. 2). The antenna barely reaches the posterior edge of the pronotum. The lateral eyes are round, large, and strongly arched. The exoskeleton is raised like a ring around the eyes (Fig. 5a). The forehead is one and a half times as wide as the diameter of an eye between the eyes.

The pronotum expands backwards in a bell-shaped manner. It is almost as long as it is wide at the base. The base is drawn farthest backwards compared to the label, to the side of which the base is gently curved inward. The pronotum is irregularly roughly dotted. The base is weak and low-edged and fluted. There is a short longitudinal furrow in front of the center of the base. At the basal edge of the pronotum there is a small point dimple about two thirds of the base width from the longitudinal furrow on each side.

The label is cross-oval to square. It is hairy and roughly dotted and protrudes above the level of the elytra.

The arched elytra are at the base the same width as the pronotum base. They are widespread on the shoulders and there briefly pressed in lengthways. They run roughly parallel behind the shoulders. They end together rounded. They are irregularly coarse and dotted like a grater. They appear cross-wrinkled, but no stripes can be seen. The sides are edged, and viewed from above, the edge is visible up to the shoulders.

The underside is dense gray-silver hairy (Fig. 1). The legs are rather delicate. The hairy weevils belong to the heteromers, so the hind tarsi are four-limbed, while the other tarsi are five-limbed. On the forelegs, the penultimate link of the tarsi is the longest (Fig. 5b), on all tarsi the penultimate link is heart-shaped and split. The claws are enlarged to form a wide tooth at the base. The first two visible abdominal sternites are fused together. The last segment of the abdomen is short and wide in the female and has a transverse furrow in front of the end. The male is narrow and slightly curved. In addition, the male has a rust-red hairy hump on the second sternite .

biology

The warmth-loving beetle can be found in Central Europe on warm slopes and sunny floodplains on flowers, often on umbellifers , but also on flowering bushes. In a Spanish analysis of find data, almost 60% umbelliferous plants are named, followed by 13% sunflower plants , and almost ten percent each of the milkweed family and the rockrose family . The rest of the finds are distributed across four other plant families. The larvae develop under the bark of previously damaged pine trees. The finds on the Iberian Peninsula also come from both wet and dry biotopes. They are in the period from late spring to early summer.

distribution

The species is most common in the western Mediterranean ( Spain , Portugal , Italy , Balearic Islands , North Africa ). However, it also occurs much further north and east, but the occurrence there is very patchy ( British Isles , Hungary , Greece, Latvia , southern Russia ).

literature

  • Heinz joy , Karl Wilhelm Harde , Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 8 . Teredilia Heteromera Lamellicornia . Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-8274-0682-X . P. 99.
  • Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 290.
  • Wolfgang Willner: Pocket dictionary of the beetles of Central Europe . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2013, ISBN 978-3-494-01451-7 . as Mycterus curcullionoides , p. 294.
  • Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition as Mycterus curcullionoides , p. 679.
  • Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911 as Mycterus curcullionoides , p. 418.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire, III. Tape. KG Lutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911.
  2. ↑ a b c J.Ph. Clairville: Helvetic Entomology or Directory of Swiss Insects, 1st part. Zurich 1798 in BHL p. 124, description of the genus and the species as Mycterus griseus and in BHL plate 16 and in BHL key of the genera p. 56
  3. ↑ a b c Mycterus curculioides in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 21, 2014
  4. ↑ a b L. Glaser: Natural history of the insects with special consideration of those native to us, p. 53 No. 52 as Rhinosimus curculionides preview in the Google book search
  5. ↑ Mycterus (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 24, 2014 and Eutryptes (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 24, 2014
  6. ↑ a b Mycterus at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 24, 2014
  7. ^ Taxon profile from Mycterus Clairville & Schellenberg , 1798, accessed on January 24, 2014
  8. ↑ Red List of Endangered Heteromera (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidea) and Teredilia (Coleoptera: Bostrichoidea) Bavaria's BayLfU / 166/2003 [1]
  9. ^ A b Johann Christian Fabricius: Species insectorum exhibentes eorum differencias specificas, synonyma auctorum, ... Vol. 1. Hamburg / Kiel 1781, p. 199 First description in GDZ p. 211: 199
  10. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
  11. ↑ Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle appliquée from arts, Volume 19. Paris 1803, p. 384 Rhinomacer curculionoides preview in the Google book search
  12. ↑ XA Vázquez: Coleoptera - Oedemeridae, Pyrochroidae, Pythidae, Mycteridae. In MA Ramos (Ed.): Fauna Iberica, Volume 5. Madrid 1993, p. 176, preview in the Google book search
  13. ↑ a b A.G. Olivier: Entomologie ou Histoire naturelle des insectes, Volume 5. Paris 1807 as Mycterus curculioides , p. 450 f, p. 450 genus
  14. ↑ Latreille : Genera crustaceorum et insectorum, 2nd vol. Paris 1807, p. 231 as Rhinomacer curculionoides
  15. ↑ a b c d E. Mulsant, Eug. Revelière: Notes pour servir à l'histoire de quelques coléoptères. In: Annales de la Société linnéen de Lyon, Vol. 6 Lyon, Paris 1859/1860, p. 43, species description p. 64 ff. As Rhinomacer curulionoides preview in the Google book search
  16. ↑ Christopher HC Lyal, MA Alonso-Zarazaga: Case 3093. Nemonychidae Bedel, November 1882 (Insecta, Coleoptera): proposed precedence over Cimberididae Gozis, March 1882, and Cimberis Gozis, 1881: proposed conservation of usage. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60, 2003, pp. 275-280.
  17. ↑ a b Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) .
  18. ↑ Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . 3. Edition. K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876.
  19. ↑ M. Th. Lacordaire: Histoire naturelle des insectes - Genera des coléoptères. 5th vol., Part 2. Paris 1859, p. 720, genus Mycterus, p. 720f Preview in the Google book search
  20. ↑ Coleo-net, Identification Key for Mycterus , accessed on January 25, 2014
  21. ^ FD Buck: Coleoptera in Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol. 5, Part 9. London 1954 p. 16:13
  22. ^ D. Molina Molina, C. Seoane-Pérez: Nuevos datos corológicos de los Mycteridae de la Península Ibérica (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Bvnews No. 27 ISSN  1989-7170 [2]
  23. ↑ JP Valcárcel, JM Grosso-Silva, FP Piloña: Nuevas registros de "Mycterus curculioides" ( Fabricius , 1781) (Coleoptera, Mycteridae) y actualización de su distribución ibérica. Arquivos entomolóxos, ISSN  1989-6581 , 5, pp. 153-156.

Web links

Commons : Mycterus curculioides  - collection of images, videos and audio files