Myrcianthes pungens

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Myrcianthes pungens
Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Myrtle family (Myrtaceae)
Subfamily : Myrtoideae
Genre : Myrcianthes
Type : Myrcianthes pungens
Scientific name
Myrcianthes pungens
( O.Berg ) D.Legrand
Leaves and fruits
fruit

Myrcianthes pungens is a tree in the myrtle family from northern Argentina , Paraguay , Bolivia , Uruguay to southern and central Brazil . It is known as guabiju , guaviyu or guabira .

description

Myrcianthes pungens grows as a semi- evergreen , quite slow-growing tree with a dense and wide crown to about 20 meters or more high. The trunk diameter reaches 40–60 centimeters. The trunk, which is often twisted, is often fluted or gnarled. The bark , which often flakes off, is grayish-brown to grayish and relatively smooth.

The simple and short-stalked, leathery, stiff, almost bare leaves are opposite. The short, often runny petiole is up to 8 millimeters long. The leaves, which are lighter on the underside, are ovate, lanceolate to elliptical, lanceolate, with entire margins and up to 7.5 centimeters long, up to 3.5 centimeters wide and at the tip rounded to pointed or pointed to pointed and (finely) prickly-pointed. The veins are pinnate, with a central vein slightly embossed on top and somewhat indistinct side veins.

The flowers appear axillary and usually solitary or less often to a few (3) in dichasias . The unpleasant smelling, hermaphrodite and green-whitish, four-fold (if single; 2.5-3.5 centimeters long) stalked, small flowers have a double flower envelope . Small, mostly sloping cover and bracts are formed. The broad, egg-shaped, green sepals, on the small, densely hairy flower cup , are about 5–6 millimeters long. The pointed petals are 7 millimeters long. There are many long and free stamens on a square "stamen cushion". The two-chamber ovary is inferior with a relatively short stylus and smaller, capitate scar .

Small, rounded, blackish and smooth, slightly to slightly hairy, about 1.3-2.5 centimeters large, one to two-seeded fruits, berries ( false fruit ) with the beaked calyx tips and stylus remains at the tip are formed. The brownish, slightly kidney-shaped and somewhat flattened, smooth seeds, with a thin, papery seed coat , are 5–10 millimeters in size. The large cotyledons are greenish.

use

The sweet and juicy, grape-like fruits with orange pulp and pleasant taste are edible. They are used raw or cooked.

The durable and very heavy wood is used for various applications.

literature

  • J. Muñoz, P. Ross, P. Cracco: Flora indígena del Uruguay. Editorial Hemisferio sur, 1993, ISBN 9974-556-76-7 , p. 174.
  • Harri Lorenzi: Árvores Brasileiras. 4ª Edição, Vol. 1, Instituto Plantarum, 2002, ISBN 978-85-86714-16-0 , p. 281.
  • Karina Guollo, Américo Wagner Junior, Carlos Kosera Neto et al .: Floral, reproductive and pollinators biology of Myrcianthes pungens (Berg) Legrand, neglected species. In: Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences. 41 (1), 2019, 43904, doi: 10.4025 / actascibiolsci.v41i1.43904 , online at researchgate.net.
  • Adriana Maria Griebeler, Maristela Machado Araujo, Daniele Guarienti Rorato et al .: Seed Technology of Myrcianthes pungens (Berg) Legr: An Approach to Biometry and Germination. In: Journal of Agricultural Science. Vol. 11, No. 15, 2019, doi: doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n15p144 , online at academia.edu.
  • Mariza Barion Romagnolo, Maria Conceição de Souza: Os gêneros Calycorectes O. Berg, Hexachlamys O. Berg, Myrcianthes O. Berg, Myrciaria O. Berg e Plinia L. (Myrtaceae) na planície alagável do alto rio Paraná, Brazil. In: Acta Bot. Bras. Vol. 18, No. 3, 2004, pp. 613-627, doi: 10.1590 / S0102-33062004000300019 (illustration).

Web links

Commons : Myrcianthes pungens  - collection of images, videos and audio files