Nakhchivan-on-Don
Coordinates: 47 ° 14 ' N , 39 ° 43' E
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Nakhichevan on Don ( Russian: Нахичевань-на-Дону Nakhichevan-na-Donu ; Armenian Նախիջևան Nakhchivan ; to distinguish it from the "old" Nakhichevan also called Nor-Nakhichevan , German: New Nakhichevan ) is now a district of Rostov-on-Don in the south of Russia . The settlement founded by Armenians in 1779 was an independent town until 1928. It had an important meaning as one of the main places of the Armenians living in Russia. Nakhichevan on the Don is still predominantly inhabited by Armenians.
history
After the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) the Crimean khanate was gradually converted into a vassal state of the Russian Empire . Empress Catherine II promoted the colonization of New Russia , also with the aim of completely gaining control over the Crimea . In the summer of 1778 General Alexander Suvorov had around 12,600 Armenians resettled from the Crimea to the Rostov-on-Don area . A third of the Armenians died on the way or in the following winter. By decree of November 14, 1779, Catherine II left 860 hectares of land to the Armenians, who then founded New Nakhichevan - named after the town of Nakhichevan south of the Caucasus . The Armenian clergyman Iossif Argutinski-Dolgoruki (1743-1801) directed the resettlement of the Armenians from the Crimea and was also involved in the founding of New Nakhchivan.
In the period that followed, Armenians came from the Caucasus region and ensured rapid growth of the city. In 1900 Nakhichevan owned a Greek Catholic and seven Armenian churches, an Armenian monastery and an Armenian spiritual seminary, a secondary school and eight other schools, a theater and several factories and large trading companies (grain, wood). At that time it had 30,900 inhabitants, compared to the 119,500 inhabitants of the sister city of Rostov, founded in 1761, shortly before Nakhchivan, further west on the same bank of the Don .
After Nakhichevan was incorporated in 1928, Rostov rose to temporarily the third largest city in Russia. The former border between the two cities is today's Theaterplatz. In the 19th century, the Don, a river two hundred meters wide near Rostov, provided both Rostov and Nakhichevan with an optimal starting point for trade between the new areas of Russia in the Caucasus and Asia and the Black Sea (and thus the Mediterranean and the West ). Around 1900, the Societé Anonyme Belge built the first tram between Rostov and Nakhchivan.
The Armenian-influenced history of Nakhchivan is dealt with in the Rostov Museum of Russian-Armenian Friendship , located in the architecturally significant former Armenian church Surb Chatsch (German Holy Cross ; Cyrillic Сурб Хач) in Nakhchivan.
sons and daughters of the town
- Martiros Sarjan (1880–1972), Russian-Armenian painter
- Simon Wratzjan (1882–1969), Prime Minister of the Armenian Democratic Republic
- Alexander Myasnikov (actually Myasnikyan ) (1886-1925), Soviet politician of Armenian descent
- Irina Allegrowa (* 1952), Russian pop singer
- Geworg Wardanyan (1924–2012), Soviet secret agent
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Nakhchivan . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 14, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, pp. 359-360 .
- ↑ Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov region ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Voice of Russia , January 27, 2009
- ↑ http://www.dontourism.ru/de/city_view.aspx?id=91
- ↑ Sabine Richenbächer: Sabina Spielrein. An almost cruel love of science. Munich 2008: p. 17 ff.
