Post-death contact

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Nachtod contacts (NTK), English after-death communication (ADC) or post-death contacts are contact experiences in which the experiencer have the impression that a deceased to communicate, which is perceived in one way or another.

According to Bill and Judy Guggenheim, NTK is about spontaneous, direct and immediate experiences, in the creation of which no third parties, such as the media or hypnotists, and no aids are involved.

frequency

In surveys in Europe and the United States, between approximately 10% and 40% of the general population reported having had NTK at least once. In the case of widowed persons, 45% to 61% described contacts with their deceased partners in the same cultural area . In an international survey carried out in the early 1990s, 41% of the general population in Iceland said they had experienced NTK (highest value of the survey); the lowest value in Norway was 9%, Germany was in the middle with 28%. Richard E. Kelly reported on the questioning of almost one hundred experienced rescue workers who were mentally healthy and faced with thousands of deaths: 33% answered yes to the question about an NTK with a deceased accident victim. None of them had previously told a relative or colleague about their experience. In the study by medical doctor WD Rees, 293 widowed people (227 widows , 66 widowers) in a Welsh province were interviewed (94% of all widowed people available). Overall, 47% of those questioned (50% of widowers and 46% of widows) reported contact with their deceased partner. CM Parkes described that 15 of the 22 widows he interviewed had clearly perceived the presence of their deceased husband and often described it as extremely real.

to form

Guggenheim distinguishes between twelve forms or types of NTK:

  • Sense of the present
  • Auditory perceptions
  • Tactile perceptions
  • Olfactory perceptions
  • Visual contacts
  • Visions
  • Contacts half asleep
  • Contacts in sleep
  • Out-of-body contacts
  • Telephone contacts
  • Physical phenomena
  • Symbolic contacts

Contents / effects

Guggenheim report that almost all NTCs are associated with positive feelings for those affected and that they believe they have heard or intuitively perceived messages from the deceased. These communications regularly contain expressions of love and personal well-being, and occasionally personal messages. As a result of the NTK experienced, there is often a lessening of grief, a new courage to face life returns, and those who are experiencing come to terms better with the demands of life.

Further results from NTK studies

  • NTC are often experienced as very vivid and real.
  • NTK are experienced regardless of religious attitudes.
  • Sometimes NTKs are experienced by several people at the same time.
  • NTK are often experienced by people who do not know anything about the recent death and only find out about it afterwards.
  • The NTK experienced are not limited to grieving people, but can also affect distant acquaintances.

interpretation

Doctors and scientists often assume that NTK is a matter of hallucinations of grief , fantasies , memory images caused by grief or similar, often pathological phenomena.

Some researchers, such as Frederic WH Myers and Bill and Judy Guggenheim, deduce from the cases known to them that NTK is at least partially real encounters with the deceased.

Reception in literature and film

literature

Movie

Films in which the topic plays a central role include: a.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerda Lier: The immortality problem . V & R Unipress Verlag, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3899717648 , chap. 5.3.5, p. 1006 ff.
  2. ↑ Bill and Judy Guggenheim: Consolation from the Hereafter. Unexpected encounters with the deceased . Scherz Verlag, Bern 2002, ISBN 978-3-8289-7354-1 , p. 22.
  3. ↑ Gerda Lier: The immortality problem . V & R Unipress Verlag, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3899717648 , chap. 5.3.5, p. 1006 ff.
  4. ^ Richard A. Kalish, David K. Reynolds: Phenomenological Reality and Post-Death Contact. In: Journal for Scientific Study of Religion. No. 12, 1973, pp. 209-221.
  5. ↑ Haraldsson / Houtkooper: Psychic experiences in the multinational human value study: who reports them? In: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. No. 85, 1991, ISSN  0003-1070 , pp. 145-165.
  6. ^ Richard E. Kelly: Post Mortem Contact by Fatal Injury Victims with Emergency Service Workers at the Scenes of Their Death. In: Journal of Near-Death Studies. No. 21 (1), 2002, ISSN  0891-4494 , pp. 25-33.
  7. ^ W. Dewi Rees: The Hallucinations of Widowhood. In: British Medical Journal . No. 4 (5778), 1971 Oct. 2, ISSN  0959-8138 , pp. 37-41.
  8. ^ Collin Murray Parkes: The First Year of Bereavement. In: Psychiatry. No. 33, 1970, pp. 444-467.
  9. ↑ Bill and Judy Guggenheim: Consolation from the Hereafter. Unexpected encounters with the deceased . Scherz Verlag, Bern 2002, ISBN 978-3-8289-7354-1 .
  10. ↑ Bill and Judy Guggenheim: Consolation from the Hereafter. Unexpected encounters with the deceased . Scherz Verlag, Bern 2002, ISBN 978-3-8289-7354-1 .
  11. ^ Richard A. Kalish, David K. Reynolds: Phenomenological Reality and Post-Death Contact. In: Journal for Scientific Study of Religion. No. 12, 1973, pp. 209-221.
  12. ↑ Michael Barbato, Cathy Blunden, Kerry Reid, Harvey Irwin, Paul Rodriquez: Parapsychological Phenomena Near the Time of Death . In: Journal of Palliative Care. No. 15 (2), 1999, ISSN  0825-8597 , pp. 30-37.
  13. ↑ Susan L. Datson and Samuel J. Marwit, Personality Constructs and Perceived Presence of Deceased Loved Ones. In: Death Studies. No. 21, 1997, ISSN  0748-1187 , p. 139.
  14. ^ Richard A. Kalish, David K. Reynolds: Phenomenological Reality and Post-Death Contact. In: Journal for Scientific Study of Religion. No. 12, 1973, pp. 209-221.
  15. ↑ Bill and Judy Guggenheim: Consolation from the Hereafter. Unexpected encounters with the deceased . Scherz Verlag, Bern 2002, ISBN 978-3-8289-7354-1 , pp. 259-274.
  16. ↑ Bill and Judy Guggenheim: Consolation from the Hereafter. Unexpected encounters with the deceased . Scherz Verlag, Bern 2002, ISBN 978-3-8289-7354-1 , pp. 202-212.
  17. ↑ Bill and Judy Guggenheim: Consolation from the Hereafter. Unexpected encounters with the deceased . Scherz Verlag, Bern 2002, ISBN 978-3-8289-7354-1 .
  18. ↑ Bill & Judy Guggenheim: Consolation from the Hereafter. Unexpected encounters with the deceased. Scherz Verlag, Bern 2002, ISBN 978-3-8289-7354-1 , pp. 202, 212.
  19. ^ Richard A. Kalish & David K. Reynolds: Phenomenological Reality and Post-Death Contact. In: Journal for Scientific Study of Religion. No. 12, 1973, p. 209
  20. ^ Frederic WH Myers: Human personality and its survival of bodily death. Longmans, London 1903, pp. 257ff. ( Internet version; Part 1 ).