Nana (chief)

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Nana, the aged Apache chief

Nana (Spanish-Mexican: "grandmother") or Haškɛnadɨltla ("angry, he is upset / angry"), also Kas-tziden ("broken foot"); * around 1800; † 1894 in Fort Sill , Oklahoma , was chief (Nantan) of the Chihenne group of the Chiricahua - Apaches . The Chihenne ("red-painted people") are commonly referred to together with the neighboring Bedonkohe Apache as eastern Chiricahua .

Life

Mangas Coloradas and Victorio

Nana took part in all wars and raids of the Bedonkohe under Mangas Coloradas and the Chihenne under Victorio . In Mexico he also often undertook joint ventures with the Nednhi under Juh and Natiza against the Mexicans.

In the 1850s and 1860s, along with Delgadito , Cuchillo Negro , Ponce , Loco (span: "crazy") and Victorio, he was one of the most famous Bedonkohe and Chihenne gang leaders. After Mangas Coloradas had been treacherously murdered in 1863 and Ponce, Cuchillo Negro and Delgadito perished, Victorio took over the leadership of the Chihenne, which the leaderless Bedonkohe joined. Nana, although at least 20 years older than Victorio, married his daughter and through this marriage strengthened his position as subordinate Victorio.

After several unsuccessful attempts to live peacefully on a reservation in their own country, Victorio and Nana gave up and fought again against Americans and Mexicans. The Bedonkohe and Chihenne were joined by more than 80 warriors of the Mescalero Apache under their old chief Caballero , as well as some Comanche of the southern Great Plains . Victorio thus had around 200 warriors.

After daring military expeditions to New Mexico and Texas , where the warriors looted, killed and tortured, they repeatedly withdrew to their safe bases in Mexico. 2,000 American soldiers, 2,000 Mexican soldiers, hundreds of volunteers and several Indian auxiliaries from the Tarahumara , Pima and the famous Chiricahua scouts hunted the Apaches mercilessly. On October 14, 1880, Victorio was captured at Tres Castillos in Chihuahua and killed along with 78 Apaches, most of them warriors. 68 women and children were captured by the Mexicans and sold into slavery in Mexico .

Nana's raid

Only Nana had escaped with about 30 warriors because he was on a scouting ride. After the death of Victorio, several respected warriors such as Fun (also Yiy-gholl, Yiy-zholl), Ka-ya-ten-nae (Kadhateni, Kieta - "Fights Without Arrows", "Cartridges All Gone") took over alongside Nana, Loco , Mangas, Geronimo , Juh and Naiche lead the Chihenne, Bedonkohe and the free Chokonen and Nednhi gangs still living south of the American border .

Nana, now almost 80 years old (according to other reports almost 90 years old), raised a new guerrilla army and recruited warriors loitering in the reservations. His 30 warriors were joined by 15 Chokons and 12 Mescalero warriors. In just under a month, Nana fought eight battles, killed between 30 and 40 Americans and at least as many Mexicans, captured over 200 horses to replace 100 ridden to death and then fled back to Mexico. He and his initially only 15 warriors escaped more than 1,000 soldiers, not counting the three or four hundred volunteers. (Wellman)

The last days off

In May 1883 Nana surrendered and moved with 374 Apaches, mostly Chihenne and Bedonkohe , to the San Carlos Reservation . Since some enemies of the Chiricahua group lived in San Carlos, such as the Cibecue Apaches and San Carlos Apaches, Nana, Geronimo, Mangas and Chihuahua did not last long and broke out in May 1885 after violent Tiswin enjoyment with 92 women and men Children, 8 boys and 30 warriors for the last time.

Once again the warriors and their families lived the free life of their ancestors. But the time was against the Apaches. In spring 1886 Nana surrendered one last time together with 8 warriors and has lived in peace ever since. He died in Fort Sill , Oklahoma in 1894 .

meaning

Nana is unique among war chiefs. At an age when fighting was mostly left to the younger ones, he possessed the toughness, perseverance, daring and cruelty that characterized an Apache warrior. Nana was half-blind, bent over from gout and dragged her foot after her, but once he sat in the saddle, he rode "like the devil". Nana was the last great, free leader (Nantan) of the Chihenne.