Mangas Coloradas

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Mangas Coloradas (* 1797 ; † January 18, 1863 ), (Spanish-Mexican: '(blood) red colored sleeves') or Red Sleeves , also Dasoda-hae (' He Just Sits There '), was a chief of the Chihenne-Chiricahua - Apaches . The name Mangas Coloradas is the adoption of his Apache nickname Kan-da-zis Tlishishen ( Red Shirt or Pink Shirt ) by Mexicans and Spaniards. He was a native Bedonkohe had, however, in the Copper Mines -Lokalgruppe the Chihenne ( 'Red Painted People' - 'Red-painted folk'), the Eastern Group (. Engl tape ) of the Chiricahua , married, whose leadership he was still known as Fuerte , took over around 1814. When the probably most important leader of the Bedonkohe ( Bi-dan-ku - 'In Front of the End People', Bi-da-a-naka-enda - 'Standing in front of the enemy'), Mahko , died, it was the Bedonkohe leaderless and found the suitable leader in the native Bedonkohe . Thus Mangas Coloradas became chief of the Bedonkohe in the 1820s . He was also the father-in-law of Cochise , the chief of the Chihuicahui local group of the Chokonen ('Ridge of the Mountainside People'), the central group of the Chiricahua (hence also the real or central Chiricahua ), and is considered by many historians to be one of the most important Indian Considered a 19th century leader for his success in fighting Mexicans and Americans. There are no known photographs of Mangas Coloradas ; one of his sons, Mangu s, has been photographed and is sometimes mistakenly identified as Mangas Coloradas .

Territory of the Chihenne and Bedonkohe

The Copper Mines were most likely a local Chihenne group consisting of Chihenne and Bedonkohe who lived southwest of the Gila River , particularly near the Santa Lucia Springs in the Burro Mountains , northwest of present-day Silver City , and the Pinos Altos Mountains , Pyramid Mountains and the Ruled around Santa Rita del Cobre along the Mimbres River to the east. In the past, often referred to as Gileños or Gila Apaches together with other Chiricahua local groups who lived along the Gila River , after high-yielding copper deposits were discovered around Santa Rita del Cobre , they were subsequently mostly referred to as the Copper Mine Apaches ( copper mining). Apaches ).

The Bedonkohe lived north and west of the Chihenne in the Mogollon Mountains and Tularosa Mountains between the San Francisco River in the west and the Gila River in the southeast in western New Mexico. Since their preferred retreat were often the Mogollon Mountains , they were also called the Mogollon Apaches . Just like the Chihenne living to the south , they were called Gileños or Gila Apaches , along with all local Chiricahua local groups living along the Gila River .

He also had considerable influence on the leaders of the neighboring Mimbres / Mimbreño local group of Chihenne , who lived in southeastern western New Mexico, between the Mimbres River and the Rio Grande in the Mimbres Mountains and the Cook's Range .

During wartime, Cuchillo Negro ('blackened knife', in Apache: Baishan ), Delgadito ('a bit thin', 'skinny', in Apache: Tudeevia , Dudeevia ), Victorio , Nana and other leaders of the Northern Warm Springs and Southern Warm Springs local groups, also part of the Chihenne, at Mangas Coloradas.

Catchment area and course of the Gila River

Life

Mangas Coloradas survived a Mexican massacre of the Bedonkohe in 1835 . In the years that followed, he led his warriors countless times against the Mexicans. During the Mexican-American War he allied himself with the US General Philip Kearny against the Mexicans. The Bedonkohe succeeded in driving out the Mexicans who were mining copper in the Bedonkohe region . A little later, Americans discovered gold and silver in them. In 1850 the US Army occupied their land on the Gila River . As a result, hundreds of gold prospectors flocked; the gold rush town of Pinos Altos in the US state of New Mexico was created . During a visit to Pinos Altos in 1861, Mangas Coloradas were captured, whipped and chased away.

A year later Mangas Coloradas was defeated by 126 US soldiers at the Apache Pass, along with around 700 warriors of the Bedonkohe and Chokonen- Apache under his son-in-law Cochise . Mangas Coloradas , 65 , was shot in the chest.

In early 1863, a Mexican flying the white flag visited the Mimbreno to begin peace negotiations with them on behalf of the US Army. Mangas Coloradas agreed to accompany him alone to old Fort McLane . As soon as he was alone with the Mexican, however, soldiers of General Joseph R. West rushed out of the bushes and took him prisoner. Arriving at the fort, West gave the order to kill Mangas Coloradas that night. The soldiers first seared his feet and legs with heated bayonets. When Mangas Coloradas protested, they shot him. They then scalped and beheaded him. The hull was buried in a trench. Official military reports said Mangas Coloradas had been killed while trying to escape.

meaning

Mangas Coloradas was an imposing appearance due to its size. Although repeatedly betrayed and deceived by the whites, he tried several times to make peace with them. He did not hate whites, which is also indicated by his marriage to a Mexican woman. Nevertheless, he gained importance as a war chief. Along with Cochise , Geronimo , Victorio and others, he was one of the most famous Apache warriors who fought against submission by the whites.

Movies

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Edwin R. Sweeney: Cochise: Chiricahua Apache Chief , University of Oklahoma Press 1995, pp. 28-31, ISBN 978-0-8061-2606-7
  2. ↑ Fort Sill Apache Tribal Leaders
  3. ↑ Kathleen P. Chamberlain: Victorio: Apache Warrior and Chief , University of Oklahoma Press 2007, ISBN 978-0-8061-3843-5

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Mangas Coloradas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Red sleeves; Kan-da-zis Tlishishen; Dasoda-hae
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chief of the Bedonkohe Apaches
DATE OF BIRTH 1797
DATE OF DEATH January 18, 1863