National Liberated Zone

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The expression "nationally liberated zone" describes as a self-designation a strategy of German right-wing extremism . The media, civil society initiatives and scientists speak of right-wing “no-go areas” or “fear zones”. The “nationally liberated zone” is considered to be one of the most important right-wing extremist strategy concepts of recent years. Burkhard Schröder describes the concept as follows:

“A 'liberated zone' is not a firmly delineated and geographically defined place, but describes a certain milieu, a network of behavioral patterns that prescribe attitudes and ideas as 'normal' only within certain limits. The aim is to infiltrate normal everyday culture and its moral norms with ideological set pieces [...]. "

History of the concept

The term can be traced back to 1990 in the discourse of right-wing extremism in Germany . The formula was published in September 1990 in the second issue of the journal Unity and Struggle in an article entitled Strategy. The building of a nationalist community (pp. 52–53) used. In this essay, exempted zones were called for as spaces in which the state would have no influence, for example through owning a house. In addition to economic independence, liberated zones should bring the possibility of extensive self-sufficiency and make the power of the state irrelevant for shaping life. Small towns or rural areas are the basis of such communities. It is quite a calculus to catch up with the rest of the population. The article Concrete Revolutionary Way: Create Liberated Zones! in the magazine Vorderste Front. Journal for Political Theory and Strategy (Issue 2, June 1991, pp. 4-7), a publication by the National Democratic University Association , which is close to the NPD , followed on from these ideas, and it reads like a revision of the first-mentioned program. The strategy aims to create a counterpower in the state .

"The less we are dependent on the institutions of the state or on the state and its shakers, the closer we are to a Liberated Zone."

- Concrete revolutionary way: create liberated zones! In: foremost front. Journal of Political Theory and Strategy (Issue 2, June 1991.)

The term was used here in the sense of a cross-location cooperation to network like-minded initiatives in order to achieve an expansion of the communicative and to build up new economic pillars. The approach sees itself as a reaction to state criminalization and media scandal, which would lead to nationally thinking people being exposed to the risk of being banned from practicing their profession. At the same time, the concept negates the rule of law:

"We have to create spaces in which we de facto exercise power, in which we are capable of sanctioning, ie we punish deviants and enemies."

- Concrete revolutionary way: create liberated zones! In: foremost front. Journal of Political Theory and Strategy (Issue 2, June 1991.)

Ethnic settlement projects

In line with the creation of "nationally liberated zones", ethnic settlement movements such as the Neo-Artamans have emerged in recent years , which have been in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, but also in Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony, and Saxony since the early 1990s. Anhalt, Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein must be proven. Within these settlement communities, life is cultivated according to clear ethnic patterns. In addition to everyday tasks such as baking bread, making clothes from your own wool or repair work, it is always about folk-nationalist ideas. For example, solstice and Thanksgiving celebrations are held in which there is a clear reference to Germanism . Such events serve to strengthen both the community and the family. Clear anti-emancipatory role models of men and women are cultivated within these communities: the man as breadwinner and the woman as mother. Outwardly, the settlers make a conscious effort to remain inconspicuous. One deals with apparently politically harmless topics such as environmental and animal welfare and is z. B. in areas such as handicrafts, organic agriculture and beekeeping. The women take care of families with many children or are involved in social projects. The headmaster of the Free School in Güstrow, Ralf Boldt, said in an interview with the radio station “Deutschlandfunk Kultur” about the infiltration movement in rural areas: “Because they try not to attract negative attention. And not only that: You appear as nice, social and above-average committed fellow citizens. They can be set up for the parents' council or offer their support as an accompanying person on excursions. They are also involved outside of schools: in day-care centers, associations, citizens' groups or with the fire service. In areas that are characterized by rural exodus and the community is eroding, this commitment is popular with the local population. ”The concept of such settlements is practice-oriented and future-oriented. Their ideology, however, ties in with political attitudes from the beginning of the last century. The so-called Artamans represented völkisch positions, some of which passed directly into National Socialism . In rural areas in particular, right-wing extremists with a völkisch orientation are trying to establish spaces that they can shape or help shape themselves, and in which they can live according to their own ideas with or without external influences and raise their children in their ethnic spirit. They are aimed at influencing everyday culture over the long term. They try to bring their ideas into the village coexistence in order to anchor them there. They consciously tie in with the existing social structures in order to transfer their ideology to normality through their social ties.

Unword of the year 2000

When it was voted the German bad word of the year 2000, the expression only became known to a wider public, whereby the jury denounced the cynicism of this formulation: “This cynically describes areas and places from which foreigners and members of other minorities have been driven out by terrorist attacks and intimidation prevents the residents from openly defending themselves against this terror. "

Debate about no-go areas in 2006

The former government spokesman Uwe-Karsten Heye , chairman of “Show your face - Action cosmopolitan Germany”, said in May 2006 on Deutschlandradio Kultur : “There are small and medium-sized cities in Brandenburg and elsewhere where I wouldn't advise anyone with a different skin color to go there. He might not leave them alive. ”This sparked a heated political discussion about supposed no-go areas in the run-up to the 2006 World Cup .

Assessment of the Federal Constitutional Court 2017

The Federal Constitutional Court gave in its judgment on the second NPD ban proceedings that "national liberated zones" would not exist. The small town of Jamel (Gägelow) represents "a non-transferable special case."

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nationally Liberated Zones - Network against Nazis. In: netz-gegen-nazis.de. Retrieved March 12, 2016 .
  2. ↑ »National Liberated Zones« - From Concept to Keyword - Antifa Info Sheet. In: antifainfoblatt.de. June 13, 2001, accessed March 12, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Burkhard Schröder, In the grip of the right scene. East German Cities in Fear , 1997, p. 158
  4. ↑ a b Uta Döring: fear zones. Right-dominated places from a media and local perspective, VS: Berlin 2007, p. 51f.
  5. ↑ Amadeu Antonio Foundation (ed.): Völkische Siedler /innen in rural areas. Berlin o. JS 3
  6. ↑ Strategies and options for action on site. Interview with the AG << Völkische Siedler >>. In: Heinrich Böll Foundation (Ed.): Brown ecologists. Backgrounds and structures using the example of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. (Writings on Democracy, Vol. 26). Berlin 2012. pp. 92/93
  7. ↑ A. Röpke, A. Speit: girl thing. Women in the neo-Nazi scene. Berlin 2011. pp. 180/192
  8. ↑ Deutschlandradio Kultur broadcast “The Bio-Nazi from next door”. http://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/voelkische-siedler-im-laendlichen-raum-der-bio-nazi-von.976.de.html?dram:article_id=379541 . Download on July 7, 2017
  9. ↑ S. Brauckmann: Based on the model of the Artamanen. (Political Ecology, Volume 30, 2012, No. 131). Pp. 52-58
  10. ↑ See e.g. BW Granzow: Artamanism - living National Socialism. In: The Artamane. Monthly publication of the “Association of Artamans”. 1st year (September / October 1932). Episode 1. S. 1
  11. ↑ Amadeu Antonio Foundation (ed.) Völkische Siedler /innen in rural areas. Berlin o. JS 4/5
  12. ↑ word of the year 2000: National liberated zone - DirInfo - DirInfo. In: dir-info.de. March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016 .
  13. ↑ National Liberated Zone. In: unwortdesjahres.net. Accessed March 12, 2016 .
  14. ↑ a b Judgment of the Federal Constitutional Court of January 17, 2017