National Library of Mongolia
The National Library of Mongolia ( Mongolian ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ Монгол улсын үндэсний номын сан Mongol ulsyn үndesni nomyn san ; English Mongolian National Library ) is the National Library of Mongolia in Ulaanbaatar and the largest and oldest library in Mongolia. She owns over three million books and publications. A million of these are rare and valuable books, sutras, and manuscripts . Some of them are the only copies of ancient Buddhist texts.
Collection and facilities
The National Library aims to “collect manuscripts, sutras, dissertations, books and journals published in Mongolia and important foreign works and journals; to establish a national bibliography; to serve library users efficiently with the materials and to support other libraries with professional methods, guidance and information. ”The National Library is not only the largest library in the country, but also the center for methodology, where the rules and documents are drawn up be used in the libraries of the country. It develops and publishes publications, guidelines and bibliographies, and provides advice to more than 1,500 public libraries in the country.
The rare and valuable books include a collection of historical materials in Mongolian , Manchurian , Tibetan and Chinese . It also has contemporary collections in German , Japanese and Korean , which were established through organizations and donations from the respective countries, in addition to funds from the Soros Foundation , through which an English learning room was created to prepare students for their Language Proficiency Exams abroad. There is also a United Nations Depository Reading Room and ten computers for internet access. The National Library also has an important collection of photocopied pictograms and old woodcut prints.
A former section of the national library is the Children's Book Palace in Ulaanbaatar. It has a collection of more than 100,000 books in Mongolian, English and Russian , as well as three reference libraries . The reading rooms are named “Big Knowledge Man,” “Dream,” and “Education and Development”. The library receives support from international organizations such as the Soros Foundation and the Asian Development Bank .
"Ardyn Elch" - Mobile library
The Mobile Library ( Ardyn Elch - “Ambassador for the People”) was founded in 2011 in cooperation with the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the World Bank and the Rural Education and Development Project . The mobile library brings books to nomads in remote areas, residents in yurt settlements on the outskirts of Ulaanbaatar, the military, prisoners, the disabled, pensioners and children who cannot go to school.
Book Museum
The National Library has extensive Buddhist canonical texts: Kanjur with 108 volumes and Tanjur, an explanatory dictionary of the Buddha's teachings (226 volumes) and 1260 titles from the Indian Tripitaka . The library has 10 different editions of the Kanjur: Nartan Edition Kanjur (102 vol.), Derge Edition Kanjur (100 vol.), Khuree Printed Kanjur (105 vol.), Mongolian Dust Paint Printed Kanjur (108 vol.), Mongolian Manuscript Kanjur (76 vol.), Golden Kanjur (101 vol.), Silver Kanjur (102 vol.) And a 'Kanjur written with 9 precious stones'. The latter is the only copy in the world.
history
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The National Library was officially established on November 19, 1921 under the direction of the Mongolian Science Committee . The decision was made at the 24th government meeting, just four months after the Outer Mongolia Revolution of 1921 (Ардын хувьсгал) in July. Originally known as the Institute of Sutra and Scriptures , the original collection contained just 2,000 books donated by the famous Mongolian scholar Tseven .
Librarians and scholars were brought out of the Soviet Union to organize the first book exchange with the largest libraries in Moscow and Leningrad in 1924 , and Soviet bibliographers initiated the first retrospective collection, the Bibliographical Index of Mongolian books (Bibliographical Index of Mongolian books).
The library's first reading room opened on November 24, 1923. Before the Second World War , the Mongolian library worked exclusively with Soviet libraries. In the late 1940s an exchange with libraries in other countries began, first with countries of the Eastern Bloc such as Hungary (1948), from 1963 with libraries in Bulgaria . As early as 1965, the library was working with libraries in 26 countries, using the holdings of 49 libraries. Today there is an exchange program with 100 libraries in 70 countries.
In 1963 the "Hall of Scientific Literature" was opened. In order to make the ancient texts in Mongolian script more accessible for research, a museum for rare and valuable books was founded in 1981. The library became a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) in 1991 and currently operates a book exchange program with over 100 libraries in 70 countries. In 2005 the library established a Turkish-speaking reading room with 1,600 publications.
In February 1990, the Politburo of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party ordered the removal of the statue of Stalin in front of the library in one of its first concessions to pro-democracy demonstrations that led to the 1990 Democratic Revolution (Ардчилсан хувьсгал). In 2004, the writer and journalist Gotovyn Akim was appointed general director of the library. At his suggestion, the statue of Bjambyn Rintschen , a translator, scientist, linguist and prominent modern Mongolian literary figure, was placed in front of the library on the 100th anniversary of his birth.
Individual evidence
- ↑ “to collect and preserve manuscripts, sutras, academic degree dissertations, as well as books and periodicals that are published in Mongolia and significant foreign books and periodicals; to create a national bibliography; to serve efficiently the library users with the above material and to provide other public libraries with professional methodology, guidance and information. "
- ^ "Participant: Mongolian National Library." LALORC Project Survey, American Center for Mongolian Studies. Accessed July 1, 2008.
- ^ State Central Library of Mongolia. "Book Palace for Children." CDNLAO newsletter. 49, 2004.
- ^ "National Library of Mongolia" Libraries of Asia Pacific Directory 2005. Accessed May 7, 2008.
- ↑ bpc.mn .
- ^ State Central Library of Mongolia. "Book Palace for Children." CDNLAO newsletter. 49, 2004. Accessed May 7, 2008.
literature
- John Hickok: Serving Library Users from Asia: A Comprehensive Handbook of Country-Specific Information and Outreach Resources. Rowman & Littlefield 2019. ISBN 0810887312 , 9780810887312
Web links
Coordinates: 47 ° 54 '53.6 " N , 106 ° 54' 58.3" E