Negro Dutch
| Dutch daughter languages | ||
|---|---|---|
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Spoken in |
American Virgin Islands | |
| speaker | extinct | |
| Linguistic classification |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
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| ISO 639 -2 |
- |
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| ISO 639-3 |
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Negerholländisch (ndl. Negerhollands ) is the name for a Creole Dutch daughter language. It was spoken in the US Virgin Islands . The language also had Danish , English , French , Spanish and African elements. Despite the name, the Zeeland dialect, rather than Dutch, provided the basis of the Creole language. It is to be distinguished from the Negro Duits previously spoken in New Jersey .
history
Since around 1672 , a Creole form of Dutch has been spoken on the two Virgin Islands of St. Thomas and St. Jan among the African-born slaves , based on the European dialect of Zeeland . Their source languages were probably the Kwa languages . This Creole Dutch colloquial language was adopted by the European population a little later .
This language variant was still very close to European Dutch, but it was already to be regarded as an independent language - as a daughter language - of Dutch. In 1905 , Dirk Christiaan Hesseling described the relationship between Dutch and Negro Dutch as follows:
“ ... dat zij (...) in wetenschapplijke zin geen Nederlands can be identified. "
Two mission organizations were active on the islands from 1732 and 1756: German Moravians (1732) and Danish Lutherans (1756).
Negro Dutch was still widely spoken around 1820 and was mainly used as a church language. It was used in two different script variants: The Moravians used the Dutch orthography of the time and the Lutherans the Danish orthography . But already in 1904 the Negro Dutch had been completely overlaid by English and an English-Dutch colloquial language emerged, which was given up a little later in favor of English.
The language has been considered extinct since World War II.
Speech samples
“En hem ha kom explained voor sender, en they hailed as the Son, en they Kleer ha kom soo wit as the league. (...) "
"As Pussie ka slaep, Rotto le kurrie na Vluer"
"Ju no weet, wat sender le due?"
literature
- Heinz Kloss : The development of new Germanic cultural languages since 1800 (= language of the present 37). 2nd, expanded edition. Pedagogical Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1978, ISBN 3-590-15637-6 .