Neoceratopsia

Neoceratopsia
	Live reconstruction of Triceratops
Temporal occurrence
	Lower to Upper Cretaceous ( Hauterivium to Maastrichtian )
	133.9 to 66 million years
Locations
	predominantly East Asia and North America ;
Systematics
	Dinosaur (dinosauria)
	Pelvic dinosaur (Ornithischia)
	Cerapoda
	Marginocephalia
	Ceratopsia
	Neoceratopsia
Scientific name
	Neoceratopsia
	Sereno , 1986

The Neoceratopsia (also Neoceratopia ) are a taxon (a systematic group) of the Ceratopsia dinosaur group . This taxon, established by Paul Sereno in 1986, comprises the vast majority of the Ceratopsia and is opposed to primeval representatives such as the Psittacosauridae .

features

The Neoceratopsia are defined as all ceratopsia that are more closely related to Triceratops than to Psittacosaurus . They are characterized, among other things, by the following features: the head is enlarged compared to the body, the rostral bone (the foremost part of the upper jaw) is keel-shaped and pointed at the front, the teeth of the intermaxillary bone are reduced or completely absent, the square jugal - a skull bone - is greatly reduced in size, the humerus has a head and the ischium is slightly curved. They were herbivorous dinosaurs, which were characterized by a neck shield formed from parietal and scaled bones and often had horns on their noses or over their eyes. Some primitive representatives still moved on two legs ( biped ), the others were strictly four-legged ( quadruped ).

Undisputed finds of Neoceratopsia are documented from the Lower Cretaceous ( Hauterivium ) to the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period and come from East Asia and North America ; There are also dubious finds from continents in the southern hemisphere, Ajkaceratops is considered the first known representative of Neoceratopsia in Europe.

Systematics

The systematic position of Neoceratopsia is expressed in the following cladogram:

Ceratopsia

NN

	Psittacosauridae

	Neoceratopsia

Yinlong

The Neoceratopsia include some basal representatives such as Aquilops , Archaeoceratops , Koreaceratops , Liaoceratops and Mosaiceratops as well as the Coronosauria . This taxon includes the Leptoceratopsidae , the Protoceratopsidae and the Ceratopsidae . (For a full list, see Ceratopsia .)

The affiliation of Chaoyangsaurus and the closely related Xuanhuaceratops (Chaoyangsauridae) from the late Jurassic or the earliest Cretaceous is disputed . According to You and Dodson (2004), Chaoyangsaurus is an ancient representative of the Neoceratopsia, which was first described by Xuanhuaceratops , Zhou et al. (2006) classify this and Chaoyangsaurus in the family tree as basal Ceratopsia and thus more primitive than the Psittacosauridae.

literature

You Hailu, Peter Dodson : Basal Ceratopsia. In: David B. Weishampel , Peter Dodson, Halszka Osmólska (eds.): The Dinosauria . 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 2004, ISBN 0-520-24209-2 , pp. 478-493, digitized version (PDF; 807.25 kB) .
David E. Fastovsky , David B. Weishampel: The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 2005, ISBN 0-521-81172-4 .

Individual evidence

^ Gregory S. Paul : The Princeton Field Guide To Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ et al. 2010, ISBN 978-0-691-13720-9 , pp. 245-272, online .
↑ You & Dodson (2004), p. 490.
↑ after Xing Xu , Catherine A. Forster, James M. Clark , Jinyou Mo: A basal ceratopsian with transitional features from the Late Jurassic of northwestern China. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. Vol. 273, No. 1598, 2006, ISSN 0950-1193 , pp. 2135-2140, doi : 10.1098 / rspb. 2006.3566 .
↑ Andrew A. Farke, W. Desmond Maxwell, Richard L. Cifelli and Mathew J. Wedel. 2014. A Ceratopsian Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Western North America, and the Biogeography of Neoceratopsia. PLoS ONE . DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0112055
↑ Wenjie Zheng, Xingsheng Jin and Xing Xu. 2015. A Psittacosaurid-like Basal Neoceratopsian from the Upper Cretaceous of central China and Its Implications for Basal Ceratopsian Eevolution. Scientific Reports. 5, 14190. doi: 10.1038 / srep14190
↑ Xijin Zhao , Zhengwu Cheng, Xing Xu, Peter J. Makovicky : A new ceratopsian from the Upper Jurassic Houcheng Formation of Hebei, China. In: Acta Geologica Sinica. English edition. Vol. 80, No. 4, 2006, ISSN 1000-9515 , pp. 467-473, doi : 10.1111 / j.1755-6724.2006.tb00265.x .

[1] Gregory S. Paul : The Princeton Field Guide To Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ et al. 2010, ISBN 978-0-691-13720-9 , pp. 245-272, online .

[2] You & Dodson (2004), p. 490.

[3] ter Xing Xu , Catherine A. Forster, James M. Clark , Jinyou Mo: A basal ceratopsian with transitional features from the Late Jurassic of northwestern China. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. Vol. 273, No. 1598, 2006, ISSN 0950-1193 , pp. 2135-2140, doi : 10.1098 / rspb. 2006.3566 .

[4] Andrew A. Farke, W. Desmond Maxwell, Richard L. Cifelli and Mathew J. Wedel. 2014. A Ceratopsian Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Western North America, and the Biogeography of Neoceratopsia. PLoS ONE . DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0112055

[5] Wenjie Zheng, Xingsheng Jin and Xing Xu. 2015. A Psittacosaurid-like Basal Neoceratopsian from the Upper Cretaceous of central China and Its Implications for Basal Ceratopsian Eevolution. Scientific Reports. 5, 14190. doi: 10.1038 / srep14190

[6] Xijin Zhao , Zhengwu Cheng, Xing Xu, Peter J. Makovicky : A new ceratopsian from the Upper Jurassic Houcheng Formation of Hebei, China. In: Acta Geologica Sinica. English edition. Vol. 80, No. 4, 2006, ISSN 1000-9515 , pp. 467-473, doi : 10.1111 / j.1755-6724.2006.tb00265.x .