Neoclytus acuminatus
| Neoclytus acuminatus | ||||||||||||
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Neoclytus acuminatus , female laying eggs on ash , male riding up |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Neoclytus acuminatus | ||||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1775) |
Neoclytus Acuminatus is a beetle from the family of the longhorn beetle and the subfamily Cerambycinae .
The genus name Neoclytus draws attention to the fact that the genus is reminiscent of the genus Clytus ( ancient Greek νέος 'neos', 'new'). The species name acuminatus ( Latin ) means 'pointed'. In Europe the genus Neoclytus is only represented by Neoclytus acuminatus , worldwide there are more than fifty species.
The species was introduced to Europe from North America.
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| Fig. 1: Front view | Fig. 2: pronotum |
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| Fig. 3: End of the wing coverts | Fig. 4: Top view |
Characteristics of the beetle
The vividly colored beetle reaches a length of eight to fifteen millimeters. The rust-red body is darkened in various places. Dense yellow hair causes transverse stripes on the elytra and the abdomen.
The head drops steeply in front, the mouthparts point downwards (Fig. 1). The eleven-link thread-like antennae are turned in near the bulge of the flat eyes. The middle antennae are darkened, especially in the male.
The large pronotum (Fig. 2) in the male is slightly longer than it is wide, in the female it is as wide as it is long. The front and rear edges are darkened. The flat top has wart-shaped elevations (tubercles) that accumulate lengthways in the middle and on the sides. Some striking short transverse keels are striking.
The narrow wing-coverts narrow clearly towards the rear in the male, but hardly in the female. They end cut off at an angle and are pointed at the edges of the section (Fig. 3). They are darkened except for the base and the tip. A stripe at the base and three narrow cross bars on the elytra appear bright yellow through the hair (Fig. 4).
The front rails, as well as the long middle and very long rear rails, have two delicate thorns at the end. The middle and hind legs are thickened like a club towards the end and darkened there. The tarsi are apparently four-limbed, since the small fourth limb is hidden in the bulge of the third limb.
biology
The beetles develop in various types of hardwood ( fruit trees , mulberries , oak , rose , Judas tree , horse chestnut , grapevine ), preferably in ash trees . Accordingly, the English name of the species is "red-headed ash borer" (red-headed ash borer). the French name is "Clyte du frêne" (Clytus the ash).
The males produce a pheromone in glands in the front breast that attracts males and females alike. The release of the volatile pheromone is accompanied by a typical posture in which the males remain with their forelegs and front bodies raised. Males often assume this position, females never.
The animals are diurnal and gather on stressed and dying trees where the eggs are laid. The beetles run around very nimble on the wood and often different individuals of the species meet. Before mating, the males touch the females with their antennae. They recognize the sex of the females through a hormone that is dissolved in the lipids of the cuticle of the female.
The beetles overwinter, presumably as a pupa, in the infected wood. The adults appear in early spring. The eggs are deposited under the bark. The legless, cream-colored larvae first drill into the phloem under the bark, then into the sapwood, which they occasionally completely devour into flour. Two generations are counted per year in Iowa (North America), in other places one to three generations per year may occur or larval development to the imago takes several years. The loophole is circular. In the case of mass infestation, 15 to 20 hideout holes can be found on a palm-sized surface.
distribution
The animals, which were brought in several times from North America (also to Germany), first became naturalized in south-eastern Europe near the coast ( Italy , Dalmatia , Istria ) and spread from there to the north. Today they are known from Italy, Switzerland , Slovenia , Croatia and Hungary . The beetles are also common in Central and South America. There is a new report from Romania.
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Neoclytus Acuminatus at fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 21, 2012
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genera)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Neoclytus at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 21, 2012
- ↑ Carl von Demelt, P. Schurmann: The Cerambycidenfauna of Istria (Yugoslavia), Coleopt. Ceramb. Magazine of the Austrian Entomologists' Working Group, 16th century No. 1-3 (1964) as PDF
- ↑ Klaus Koch : The beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
- ↑ a b English information page from Oklahoma State University
- ↑ Emerson S. Lacey, Matthew D. Ginzel, Jocelyn G. Millar and Lawrence M. Hanks: Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Cerambycid Beetle Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus Journal of Chemical Ecology Volume 30, Number 8 (2004), 1493-1507, doi: 10.1023 / B: JOEC.0000042064.25363.42 as PDF
- ↑ Emerson S. Lacey, Ann M. Ray and Lawrence M. Hanks: Calling Behavior of the Cerambycid Beetle Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus Journal of Insect Behavior, Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2007 (2007) doi: 10.1007 / s10905-006-9068-6 as PDF
- ↑ Emerson S. Lacey, Matthew D. Ginzel, Jocelyn G. Millar and Lawrence M. Hanks: 7-methylheptacosane is a major component of the contact sex pheromone of the cerambycid beetle Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus Physiological Entomology (2008) 33, 209-216 , doi: 10.1111 / j.1365-3032.2008.00624.x as PDF
- ↑ Info from IOWA State University on Art
- ^ Hungarian information website of the forest authority
- ^ Adolf Horion : Faunistics of the Central European Beetles, Vol. XII . Überlingen-Bodensee 1974
- ↑ Cosmin Ovidiu Manci: Neoclytus Acuminatus (Fabricius, 1775) gen şi specie nouăpentru fauna României (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) Bul.inf. Entomol., 16: 75-77, 2005 ISSN 1221-5244 as PDF
