Neo-Slavism

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As Neo-Slavism is called a form of Western and Southern Slavic nationalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the aim of creating smaller in Slavic units without Russia is. It is to be seen in contrast to Pan-Slavism , which strives for an all-Slavic union with (or under the leadership of) Russia.

Representative

The first and most important representative of Neo-Slavism was the Czech Tomáš Masaryk (1850–1937), who first followed Austro-Slavism , then the Young Czechs . As a "realist" he demanded a minimum goal from 1907 and announced it in 1908 at the Slavs Congress in Prague : the independence of Bohemia (Czech Republic) including Slovakia . An at least military alliance with Russia is still conceivable, but one with the West is more desirable. From this later Czechoslovakism developed .

Although this pro-Western movement was explicitly directed against the Russian Orthodox claim to leadership (Russian nationalists had drifted from Pan-Slavism to Pan-Russianism ), Neo-Slavism was soon supported by the Russian government. After the defeat by Japan, the weakness of tsarism became clear, and insurgent Poles supported the Russian Revolution in 1905 . Petersburg acted from then on more diplomatic in order to prevent other potential Slavic allies from a compromise with Vienna and Berlin.

The Russian liberal democrat Pavel Milyukov (1859-1943), unlike most Russian Pan-Slavists and Pan-Russianists, trusted the Western Slavs to develop and lead their own role and tried to direct them against Germany during the First World War . Miliukov himself thus became the most important late representative of the neo-Slavists after the fall of the tsar. As foreign minister and figurehead of the Provisional Government of Russia in 1917 , he therefore promoted Czechoslovaks and Yugoslavs as well as the Polish nationalist Roman Dmowski .

Balkans

Neo-Slavism found a further expression among the southern Slavs in the Balkans. While Belgrade the pan-serbism promoted, is oriented Czechoslovak hydrophilic Croatian Republicans (z. B. Stjepan Radic , a student Masaryk) on Masaryk and Milyukov that a federal Yugoslavism gave the preference. The establishment of the Serbian-Croatian-Slovenian SHS state of Yugoslavia came about largely through their mediation. Since the overthrow of the Provisional Government by the October Revolution , the tendency to reject the Russian leadership role has increased, and the Soviets are now also confronted by the anti-communism of the Neo-Slavists. In the Balkans, Radic's assassination in 1928 initially destroyed the neo-Slav vision and led to the rift between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia . In 1939 and 1941 both states even broke apart for the time being because of their internal nationality conflicts, which were fueled by the German occupiers, and then finally in 1991 and 1993. The neo-Slav unity between Czechoslovakia and Poland, which was striven for in 1918, 1942 and 1948, or the Yugoslav-Bulgarian Balkan Federation established in 1942 and 1946 never succeed either.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Roland J. Hoffmann: TG Masaryk and the Czech question: National ideology and political activity until the failure of the German-Czech attempt at reconciliation of February 1909 (= Collegium Carolinum [Hrsg.]: Publications of the Collegium Carolinum . Volume 58 ). R. Oldenbourg, 1988, ISBN 3-486-53961-2 , ISSN  0530-9794 , p. 360–368 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  2. ^ Peter Heumos: Poland and the Bohemian countries in the 19th and 20th centuries . Politics and society in comparison; Lectures at the conference of the Collegium Carolinum in Bad Wiessee from November 15 to 17, 1991 (= Collegium Carolinum [Hrsg.]: Bad Wiesseer Tagungen des Collegium Carolinum . Volume 19 ). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-486-56021-2 , p. 43 ff ., urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00049473-1 .
  3. ↑ Jan C. Behrends: The "Soviet Rus'" and their brothers: The Slavic Idea in Russia's Long 20th Century , Article in Eurozine, Eastern Europe 12/2009