Neotherapsida

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Neotherapsida
Skull of Smilesaurus , a Gorgonopsier from the Upper Permian South Africa
Temporal occurrence
Middle Perm to today (non-mammal Neotherapsiden to Lower Cretaceous )
270 to 0 (or 100) million years
Locations
worldwide (including Antarctica )
Systematics
Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda) Amniotes (Amniota) Synapsids (Synapsida) Therapsids (Therapsida) Eutherapsida Neotherapsida
Scientific name
Neotherapsida
Hopson , 1999

The Neotherapsida ("modern Therapsids") are a highly diverse clade of the Therapsids . They include the monophyletic large groups anomodontia and theriodontia . The latter also include mammals .

Fossil record of the non-mammalian neotherapsids

• Permian : India , Russia , Madagascar , Niger , Zambia , South Africa, and Tanzania .

• Triassic : Antarctica , Argentina , Brazil , China , Germany , Lesotho , Morocco , Poland , Russia , South Africa , Tanzania , and USA in Arizona , Colorado , New Mexico , North Carolina , Texas , Utah and Wyoming .

• Jura : Lesotho .

• Chalk : Australia

Systematics

The Neotherapsida form within the Eutherapsida ("real Therapsiden") the sister group of the exclusively Middle and Upper Permian Dinocephalians .

The following cladogram shows a current hypothesis about the “higher” part of the therapsid family tree.

Eutherapsida	Dinocephalia  Anteosaurus †  Titanosuchia  Titanosuchidae †     Tapinocephalidae †     Styracocephalidae †  Neotherapsida   Anomodontia  Venyukovioidea †     Dromasauroidea †     Dicynodontia †  Theriodontia  Gorgonopsia †  Eutheriodontia  Therocephalia †     Cynodontia including mammals

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} The Paleobiology Database: Neotherapsida
2. ↑ ^{a b} Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan (Ed.): Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation, Histology, Biology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2008, 352 pp., ISBN 0-25335-697-0