Neudorf (Dresden)
.jpg)
Neudorf , also called the city of Neudorf , is a suburban settlement of Dresden that was built in the 16th century and is now part of the Leipzig suburb .
location
Dresden.jpg)
The settlement, which was built around 1550, stretched on both sides of a street that was known as Dorfgasse or Hauptstraße until 1866 and consisted of around 50 small farms. Today this street is called Moritzburger Straße. The north-western boundary to Pieschen was on today's Oschatzer Strasse, the north-eastern approximately along the line from Leipzig to Dresden . In the southeast, the Neudorfer Flur extended to the vicinity of the Dresden-Neustadt train station , in the southwest the Elbe formed a natural border. The upstream Elbe island Neudorfer Werder was also part of the Neudorf district, which is now part of the Neustadt district .
history
From the foundation to the 19th century
.jpg)
On March 15, 1546, the Saxon Duke Moritz issued an order to relocate 29 families from Altendresden on the right bank of the Elbe in order to be able to use their land for the expansion of Dresden's city fortifications. The affected residents were compensated with land northwest of the city on the old Bischofsweg as well as free building materials. In addition, they were allowed to use the Elbe island Neudorfer Werder, which is not far from the new settlement, to extract hay and retained various municipal privileges, including the right to sell their products on the Dresden market without paying the usual market penny. Attempts by the Dresden Council to restrict these rights later repeatedly led to conflicts between the Neudorf community and the city of Dresden. Economically, the inhabitants lived from agriculture and horticulture, and many earned an additional income as boatmen on the Elbe. In 1661 a ship mill was mentioned for the first time, which changed its location several times and existed until the middle of the 19th century.
The newly founded place formed a street village, mostly consisting of smaller rural properties, on both sides of today's Moritzburger Straße. The new settlement was officially referred to as "Nawe Stadt" or "Nawe Sorge", later also as "Stadt Neudorf", although the place never had town charter. Internal matters were regulated by a separate municipal board, while important decisions continued to require the approval of the city of Dresden or the sovereign.
Due to its location on the edge of two highways, Neudorf was repeatedly affected by military actions and had to suffer from frequent billeting of foreign soldiers, for example in the Second Silesian War in 1745, in the Seven Years War in 1759 and in connection with the Battle of Dresden in 1813. Since Neudorf as As part of the Dresden Neustadt, the residents also had to accommodate local soldiers and were obliged to pay military money. In 1738 and 1741 half of the village was destroyed in fires. The last big fire in the village took place on August 7, 1802, when 16 farms in the lower village were destroyed.
In the 19th century, the gardener and housekeeping community moved into the focus of entrepreneurs, who took advantage of the favorable location of the place on the Leipzig – Dresden railway line , which opened in 1839, and the low land prices and local taxes for settlements. The Dresden branch of the ceramics factory Villeroy & Boch was founded as the largest company in Neudorfer Flur in 1854 .
Incorporation to Dresden and further development
Through land sales and the adoption of the Saxon rural community order of 1838 , Neudorf got bigger and bigger financial problems. In particular, poor relief could no longer be carried out. In a letter dated June 29, 1855, the community leader declared that "there will be nothing left than that the community of Neudorf will also be drawn to the poor association of the city of Dresden" . A first request in this regard in the Neudorf municipal council to the Dresden city council was made two years later. In April 1859 a rejection took place because the burden for the city seemed too great as a result of the integration. Only after an intervention at the Royal District Commission did the city council rethink: On October 22, 1861, a deputation was elected, which began negotiations with Neudorf. Again almost two years passed before a preliminary consultation in Dresden City Hall.
On December 20, 1865, the negotiations were concluded with a contract and ten years after the first request, the incorporation with the name Vorstadt Neudorf took place on January 1, 1866 . By resolution of the city council on October 29, 1874, the district was incorporated into the Leipzig suburb. The village character was largely lost due to the increasing development with metropolitan apartment buildings and Neudorf developed into a densely populated workers' residence.
The destruction of the Second World War and the deterioration of the historical building fabric do not reveal anything of the former village. With the exception of Moritzburger Straße 76, the last remains of the village center were removed in 1996 in favor of a residential complex.
An allotment garden division - "Neudorf eV" with approx. 21,000 m², in the Leipziger- / Moritzburger- / Weimar / Hartigstrasse area - has been keeping the memory alive since 1927.
A residential area with new streets was built on a fallow land west of Moritzburger Strasse that was developed in 2014–2017, one of which was named Neudorfer Weg .
School system
The local children originally attended school in Altendresden. It was not until the building of a school house of its own in 1689/90 that school lessons were carried out on site. The village school was located at today's Moritzburger Platz and was demolished in 1881. Before that, the community had already decided to build a new school in 1852 due to the increasing number of pupils. The school, which was inaugurated on July 4, 1855 (today Konkordienstraße 12), was incorporated into the Dresden school network as the 8th district school after the town had been incorporated and expanded in 1871. The schoolhouse was last used as an asylum for poor residents until it was demolished in 1902. In 1881 another school building was built at Konkordienstrasse 12. The building, designated as the 8th elementary school from 1919 onwards, was modernized in 1928/29 and badly damaged in the air raid in 1945. Since July 2005 it has been the seat of the 8th elementary school and the A. S. Makarenko School for Learning Promotion .
traffic
Road traffic
The Neudorf settlement was conveniently located between two important highways, today's Leipziger Strasse and Großenhainer Strasse . These streets also provided the connection to the nearby city of Dresden. By the middle of the 19th century, several inns were located in the village, which also served as rest stops for carters. The best known was the later dance and ballroom Stadt Bremen (Leipziger Straße 58).
Rail transport
Since 1838 the railway line Leipzig – Dresden has run over Neudorfer Flur. In the east was the Leipzig train station , which was used until 1901, and was the oldest train station in Dresden. After its closure, the railway facilities were used as the Dresden-Neustadt freight yard. The container terminal established in 1968 was closed in 2005.
In 1882 Neudorf received a tram connection to Dresden . Today this route is served by lines 4 and 9.
Elbe shipping
The Elbe, which flows south of the village center, also served as an economically important traffic route. Numerous residents of Neudorf earned their living as boatmen or fishermen on the Elbe. From 1840 an Elbe ferry connected the place with the opposite east enclosure . The ferry was operated by the Dresden Fishermen's Guild until 1923, after which it was owned by private leaseholders and / or the Dresden Transport Company . In 1992 the company was closed.
literature
- Rudolf Eichner: Neudorf - a forgotten Dresden suburb. Ed .: Friends of the 8th Elementary and Middle Schools V., Verlag & Druckerei Tierbs, Pirna 2002.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ In the themed city map , accessed on May 11, 2020.
Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 27.6 " N , 13 ° 43 ′ 35.3" E