New Red Annals
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Tibetan script :
༄ ༅ ༎ དེབ་ཐེར་ དམར་པོ་ གསར་ མ་ ༎
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Wylie transliteration : deb ther dmar po gsar ma
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Pronunciation in IPA : [
tʰèpteː máːpo sáːma ]
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Official transcription of the PRCh : Têbtêr Marbo Sarma
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THDL transcription : Depter Marpo Sarma
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Other spellings: Thepther Marpo Sarma,
Depther Marpo Sarma |
| Chinese name |
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Traditional :
《新 紅 史》
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Simplified :
《新 红 史》
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Pinyin : Xīn hóng shǐ
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The New Red Annals are the first historical work of Tibet , which contains a comprehensive account of the history of the various royal houses of central and western Tibet for the time of the Tibetan Middle Ages.
This work, which classifies itself in the category of ruler genealogies (tib .: rgyal rabs ), was written by Penchen Sönam Dragpa (tib .: pan chen bsod nams grags pa ), the 15th great abbot ( Ganden Thripa ) of the central Tibetan monastery university Ganden in written in the first half of the 16th century AD.
The New Red Annals are one of the most important sources for the history of the Tibetan Middle Ages.
The author and his historical work
Penchen Sönam Dragpa was born in Lhokha Tsethang (Tib .: lho kha rtsed thang ) in 1478 . As a highly respected scholar and clergyman, he rose to the highest offices within the Gelug School and was appointed Grand Abbot of Ganden in 1529. He held this office until 1535. When he died in 1554, his literary work comprised more than 50 treatises, which after his death were put together into a six-volume collection of works (Tib .: gsungs' bum ).
His important historiographical works include a presentation of the biographies of the most important teachers of the Kadam and Gelug schools, which under the title "Origin and Spread of the Dharma of the Old and New Kadam" (Tib .: bka 'gdams gsar rnying gi chos' byung ) has been published.
For historical research, however, the historical work written under the title Neue Rote Annalen is of unique importance. The work also bears the title "Magical Key (called) ruler 's genealogy " (Tib .: rgyal rabs' phrul gyi lde mig ). It fills a void in the Tibetan historiography that had existed up to then insofar as it deals for the first time in detail with the history of the rulers of the various tens of thousands of the royal family of the Phagmo Drupa and other noble families.
Penchen Sönam Dragpa used the historical works Red Annals of Tshelpa Künga Dorje (Tib .: tshal pa kun dga 'rdo rje ) and Blue Annals of Gö Lotsawa as sources for the first part of his treatise , although his representations go far beyond what was presented in these sources.
Contents of the New Red Annals
Even if the main subject of this historical work after the announcement in the colophon is to be the history of the various princely families of the Tibetan Middle Ages, the author cannot avoid his presentation of the history of the kings of the Yarlung dynasty , the history of China and Mongolia and the history of Mongol domination in Tibet.
The main part, however, includes explanations of the history of the royal houses of rGyang-mkhar rtse, La-stod lho, La-stod byang, sNa-dkar rtse, gYa-bzang, Tshal Gung-thang, rGya-ma, 'Bri-khung, sTag -lung and Phag-mo gru. Brief explanations on the regions 'Ol-ka, Brag-dkar,' Phyong-rgyas, bSam-sde, Gong-dkar, Bya, Rin-spungs sNe'u-rdzong and sNel conclude the work.
Significance as a work of history
With the exposition of the New Red Annals, the writing of history in Tibet gained a thematic extension, which significantly influenced the range of topics of the subsequent historiographers in Tibet. This was particularly reflected in the famous historical work of the 5th Dalai Lama , with which Tibetan historiography reached its peak.
Text output
- རྒྱལ་ རབས་ འཕྲུལ་ གྱི་ ལྡེ་མིག་ གམ་ དེབ་ཐེར་ དམར་ པོའ མ་ དེབ་ གསར་ མ (Lhasa, བོད་ ལྗོངས་ མི་ དམངས་ དཔེ་ སྐྲུན་ ཁང / Xīzàng rénmín chūbǎnshè 西藏 人民 出版社 1989).
Translations
- Giuseppe Tucci (ed. And transl .): Deb t'er dmar po sgar ma: Tibetan Chronicles by Bsod nams grags pa (Rom, Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente 1971).
- Huáng Hào 黄 颢 (translator): Xīn hóng shǐ新 红 史 (Lhasa, Xīzàng rénmín chūbǎnshè 西藏 人民出版社 1984); New edition 2002, ISBN 7223013826 .
Secondary literature
- Dan Martin, Yael Bentor (eds.): Tibetan Histories: A Bibliography of Tibetan-Language Historical Works (London, Serindia 1997), ISBN 0906026431 .