Giuseppe Tucci

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Giuseppe Tucci enjoying butter tea in Tibet

Giuseppe Tucci (born June 5, 1894 in Macerata , † April 5, 1984 in San Polo dei Cavalieri near Rome ) was an Italian orientalist who specialized in Tibet and the history of Buddhism .

Life

Tucci came from a middle class family in Macerata. Before he went to university in 1911, he learned Hebrew , Chinese , Persian and Sanskrit by himself . At 18 he published a collection of Latin inscriptions in the journal of the German Archaeological Institute . In 1914 he published for the first time in the field of oriental studies on ancient Iranian religion and Chinese philosophy. With interruptions due to the First World War, he studied at the University of Rome until 1919 .

After graduating, he traveled to India and settled at the Visva-Bharati University founded by Rabindranath Tagore , where he studied Buddhism, Tibetan and Bengali and taught Italian and Chinese. He also studied and taught at the University of Dhaka , Banaras Hindu University and the University of Calcutta . He returned to Italy in early 1931.

Tucci was one of the most important orientalists in Italy of his time. He had a wide range of research areas ranging from Iranian religion to Chinese philosophy . From 1932 he taught primarily at the University of Rome, but was also often visiting professor at European and Asian universities.

The University of Naples L'Orientale (Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli) set up the first chair for Chinese language and literature for him. In 1933, together with the philosopher Giovanni Gentile, he founded the Italian Institute for the Middle and Far East ( Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, for short IsMEO), based in Rome. From 1955 he organized several pioneering archaeological excavations, including in the Swat Valley in today's Pakistan , in Ghazni in Afghanistan , in Persepolis in Iran and in the Himalayas .

Tucci was also the founder of the Italian National Museum of Oriental Art , where many of the objects he has collected are now located. He was awarded the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1953 and 1973 . In 1978 he received the Indian Jawaharlal Nehru Prize, and in 1979 the Balzan Prize for History (ex aequo with Ernest Labrousse ) “for his sensational discoveries in the Orient and his significant historical studies, which are evidence of the interdependence of the cultural development of Asia and deliver Europe ". Since 1959 he was a corresponding member of the British Academy .

Fonts

Giuseppe Tucci wrote around 360 writings in the course of his life, here is a selection:

  • Indo-tibetica 1: Mc'od rten e ts'a ts'a nel Tibet indiano ed occidentale: contributo allo studio dell'arte religiosa tibetana e del suo significato. Rome 1932.
  • Indo-tibetica 2: Rin c'en bzan po e la rinascita del buddhismo nel Tibet intorno al Mille. Rome 1933.
  • Cronaca della missione scientifica Tucci nel Tibet occidentale (1933). Rome 1934.
  • Indo-tibetica 3: I templi del Tibet occidentale e il loro simbolismo artistico. 2 vol. Rome 1935–1936.
  • Santi e briganti nel Tibet ignoto: diario della spedizione nel Tibet occidentale 1935. Milan 1937.
  • Indo-Tibetica 4: Gyantse ed i suoi monasteri. 3 vol. Rome 1941.
  • Asia religiosa. Rome 1946.
  • Tibetan Painted Scrolls, 3rd vol. Rome 1949.
  • Teoria e pratica del mandala. Rome 1949.
  • Italia e Oriente. Milan 1949.
  • Tibetan folksongs from the district of Gyantse. Ascona 1949. (second edition. 1966)
  • The Tombs of the Tibetan Kings. Rome 1950.
  • A Lhasa e oltre. Rome 1950.
  • Tra giungle e pagoda. Rome 1953.
  • Preliminary report on two scientific expeditions in Nepal. Rome 1956.
  • Storia della filosofia indiana. Bari 1957.
  • Nepal: alla scoperta dei Malla. Bari 1960.
  • The religions of Tibet. In: Giuseppe Tucci, Walther Heissig : The religions of Tibet and Mongolia. Stuttgart 1970 ( The Religions of Mankind , Vol. 20)

literature

  • Aldo Adversi (Ed.): Giuseppe Tucci. Biemmegraf, Macerata 1979.
  • Gustavo Benavides: Giuseppe Tucci, or Buddology in the Age of Fascism. In: Donald Sewell Lopez Jr. (Ed.): Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism. University of Chicago Press, Chicago et al. 1995, ISBN 0-226-49308-3 , pp. 161-196.
  • Rosa Maria Cimino: Kailash, la montagna degli dei pellegrinaggio in Tibet sulle orme di Giuseppe Tucci . Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente, Rome 2006.
  • Francesco D'Arelli (ed.): Le Marche e l'Oriente: una tradizione ininterrotta da Matteo Ricci a Giuseppe Tucci. Atti del Convegno Internazionale, Macerata, 23-26 ottobre 1996. Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente, Rome 1998.
  • Mircea Eliade : Giuseppe Tucci (1895-1984). In: History of Religions. 24, 2, pp. 157-159 (1984).
  • Giancarlo Galeazzi (Ed.): Giuseppe Tucci . Tipografia Trifogli, Ancona 1985.
  • Enrica Garzilli: L'esploratore del Duce. Le avventure di Giuseppe Tucci e la politica italiana in Oriente da Mussolini a Andreotti . Con il carteggio di Giulio Andreotti. Memori, Rome / Asiatica Association, Milan 2012, Volume 1, ISBN 978-88-900226-5-4 , Volume 2, ISBN 978-88-900226-6-1 .
  • Gherardo Gnoli: Giuseppe Tucci. Commemorazione tenuta dal Presidente dell'Istituto Gherardo Gnoli il 7 maggio 1984 al Palazzo Branaccio. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome 1984.
  • Raniero Gnoli and others: Ricordo di Giuseppe Tucci. (= Orientale Roma series. 55). Istituto italiano per il Medo ed Estremo Oriente, Rome 1985, pp. 57-59. (Bibliography of Tucci's publications)
  • Giuseppe Lupi (Ed.): Tucci: l'esploratore dell'anima . Exhibition catalog. Arte Nomade, Macerata 2004.
  • Beniamino Melasecchi (ed.): Giuseppe Tucci nel centenario della nascita: Roma, 7-8 giugno 1994. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome 1995.
  • Sabatino Moscati , Gherardo Gnoli: Centenario della nascita di Giuseppe Tucci: discorsi pronunciati da Sabatino Moscati e Gherardo Gnoli il 6 giugno 1994 in Campidoglio. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome 1995.
  • Harry Oldmeadow: Five Bridge Builders between East and West. In: ders., Journeys East: 20th Century Western Encounters with Eastern Religious Traditions. World Wisdom, Bloomington (Indiana) 2004, ISBN 0-941532-57-7 , pp. 37-62, pp. 52ff.
  • Luciano Petech: Giuseppe Tucci. In: Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies. 7: 137-142 (1984).
  • Concetto Guttuso intervistato da Oscar Nalesini. In: Il Giornale del Museo Nazionale d'Arte Orientale. n. 3, 2008, pp. 7-8. (about a trip to Nepal in 1952) (digitized version)
  • Oscar Nalesini: Assembling loose pages, gathering fragments of the past: Giuseppe Tucci and his wanderings throughout Tibet and the Himalayas, 1926–1954. In: F. Sferra (Ed.): Sanskrit Texts from Giuseppe Tucci's Collection. (= Manuscripta buddhica. 1). Part I, IsIAO, Roma 2008, pp. 79–112.
  • Oscar Nalesini: Ghersi e gli altri. I fotografi delle spedizioni Tucci. In: D. Bellatalla, CA Gemignani, L. Rossi ( arr .): Eugenio Ghersi, un marinaio ligure in Tibet. SAGEP, Genova 2008, pp. 53-60.
  • Oscar Nalesini: A short history of the Tibetan explorations of Giuseppe Tucci. In: M. Laurenzi Tabasso. MA Polichetti, C. Seccaroni (Ed.): Visibilia invisibilium. Non-invasive analyzes on Tibetan paintings from the Tucci expeditions. Orientalis Publications, 2011, pp. 17-28.
  • Oscar Nalesini: Il carteggio Moise-Tucci sulla spedizione tibetana del 1948 (The Moise-Tucci correspondence on the Tibetan expedition of 1948). In: Miscellanea di storia delle esplorazioni. 37, 2012, pp. 115-161.
  • O. Nalesini: Felice Boffa Ballaran, diarista, photographer e cartografo della spedizione italiana in Tibet of 1939. In: Miscellanea di storia delle esplorazioni. vol. XXXVIII, Bozzi, Genova 2013, pp. 267-309.
  • Francesca Orsini: Review of Garzilli, Enrica, L'esploratore del Duce: .... H-Asia, H-Net Reviews. June, 2014. http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=41249
  • O. Nalesini: Onori e nefandezze di un esploratore. Note in margine a una recente biografia di Giuseppe Tucci. In: Annali dell'Istituto Orientale di Napoli. 73, 2013, pp. 201-276.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In 1995 this institute was merged with the Istituto Italo-Africano . This is how the Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO) came into being.
  2. ^ Fellows: Giuseppe Tucci. British Academy, accessed August 10, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Tucci, Giuseppe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian orientalist
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Macerata
DATE OF DEATH April 5, 1984
Place of death San Polo dei Cavalieri near Rome