Neumann (family)

The Neumann family was a German Jewish family from Pyritz in Pomerania. After the death of their father, Hirsch Neumann, in 1843, the five sons and three daughters moved to Berlin with their mother . The eldest son Nachmann Hirsch Neumann (1815–1887) had worked in the textile trade in Berlin since 1835. In later years he became involved in the Berlin Asylum Association for the homeless . The second youngest daughter Therese married the businessman Wilhelm Weisstein and was the mother of the journalist and founding member of the Society of Bibliophiles , Gotthilf Weisstein . Jehuda Neumann, also known as Julius Neumann , was the founder of the Berlin cigar and tobacco factory J. Neumann, whose cigar brand Gulliver, made by J. Neumann, won the Grand Prix at the Exposition Universelle et Internationale in Brussels in 1910. Jehudas' younger brother was the doctor and city councilor Salomon Neumann . This reorganized the Berlin censuses and campaigned for the establishment of the statistical office of the city of Berlin. Salomon published numerous works. Jehudas' son Hugo Neumann was a pediatrician. Became famous for Hugo's private clinic for children diseases "be known from later far beyond Berlin [s] children's house developed". It soon became an exemplary institution: "Children's home to an institution [...] that could set an example for other institutions".

Yehuda Neumann

J. Neumann

Gulliver, make J. Neumann Beg. 1850, Brussels Grand Prix 1910

Cigar brand: Gulliver

Jehuda (also Julius) was born in Pyritz in Pomerania in 1818 . He moved to Berlin and acquired citizenship there in 1850. In 1855 he married Julie Rathenau (1836–1916), Emil Rathenau's cousin .

In 1850, Jehuda founded the well-known Berlin cigar and tobacco factory J. Neumann. The first parent house was at Papen-, later Kaiser-Wilhelmstraße, No. 9 in Berlin, where two large front courtyards led to a rear courtyard lined with acacias. The old parent company was replaced by a newer building, which was located at Johannisstrasse 20-21 (Johannishof) in Berlin. The cigar brands Gulliver, Ortolan and Ingo, which achieved "world renown", were known. The cigar brand "Gulliver", manufactured by J. Neumann, won the Grand Prix at the Exposition Universelle et Internationale in Brussels in 1910. In Düsseldorf, the Communicationsstrasse 3 building was built as a branch of the Berlin cigar and tobacco factory J. Neumann in 1898 according to plans by Leo von Abbema . For the years 1899 and 1900 is in the Düsseldorf address books for Communicationsstr. 3 occupies the branch of the J. Neumann cigar and tobacco factory in Berlin. The house was characterized by a good corner solution, floor plan and facade design: "The office building [...] also offers an appealing corner solution with an unconstrained, clear floor plan on a tight construction site [...] plastered street fronts with a picturesque structure in free Gothic shapes". The Düsseldorf company building was demolished in the 1930s in favor of a new building ( Ziem commercial building ).

Jehuda also established a foundation for destitute Jewish students and was a member of the community's poor commission . His wife worked on their orphans 'commission and was for a long time chairwoman of the Jewish Girls' Foundation and the committee for Chanukah gifts. In 1882 Jehuda died in Berlin.

• Berlin building of the Berlin cigar and tobacco factory J. Neumann
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• Düsseldorf building of the Berlin cigar and tobacco factory J. Neumann
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Hugo Neumann

Hugo Neumann.

Kinderhaus - private polyclinic for childhood diseases in Berlin, opened in 1887 by Hugo Neumann.

Hugo Neumann was born on October 25, 1858 in Berlin as the son of Jehuda (Julius) and Julie Neumann. Hugo attended Wilhelm-Gymnasium and studied medicine in Berlin and Heidelberg. He made a career as a Jewish pediatrician, despite the “limited professional development opportunities for Jewish doctors in the German Empire”: “Civil equality made it possible for Jews to enter universities; they were mostly denied an academic career. Some Jewish doctors did achieve full professorship, but almost always at the cost of converting to Christianity. Even post-doctoral qualifications were rare in the major clinical and theoretical subjects ”. In 1884 he returned to Berlin and worked under Paul Guttmann (1834-1893) in the Moabit hospital . In 1887 Hugo opened a private polyclinic for childhood diseases, "from which later his children's home, known far beyond Berlin, developed" When Hugo died at the age of 53 of complications from tuberculosis, he had "expanded his children's home into an institution that set an example for other facilities could work ”. The building was confiscated in the 1930s, destroyed in the war and the ruins demolished in the 1950s.

The dermatologist Alfred Blaschko was one of Hugo's most famous employees .

Hugo dealt with the living conditions of illegitimate children , studying their diet and living conditions. His most extensive study on this topic appeared in 1900.

He died on July 12, 1912 in Berlin.

Publications

1. Hugo Neumann: About the treatment of childhood diseases: H. Neumanns Letters to e. young doctor . Coblentz, Berlin 1913.
2. Hugo Neumann: Public child protection arr. von H. Neumann Volume 7: School Hygiene and Public Child Protection Section 2 . Coblentz, Berlin 1895, p. 431-687 .
3. Hugo Neumann: About the relationship between childhood diseases and dental diseases . Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1897.
4. Hugo Neumann: About broken bones in the mentally ill . Bernstein, Berlin 1883.
5. Hugo Neumann: Public infant and child care . General Med. Verl. Anst., Berlin 1909.
6. Hugo Neumann: The illegitimate children in Berlin . Fischer, Jena 1900.

Salomon Neumann

Salomon Neumann

Jehudas' brother Salomon Neumann reorganized the Berlin population censuses in 1861 and 1864 and initiated the establishment of the Statistical Office of the City of Berlin. He was also a doctor for the poor and worked as a city councilor for almost 50 years. In 1847 he published Public Health Care and Property. In it he described medical science as a social science.

In 1880, Salomon Neumann took part in the so-called anti-Semitism controversy provoked by Treitschke in Berlin . His demographic study, The Fable of Jewish Mass Immigration, refuted Treitschke's claims with statistical means.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Stanislaus M. Zentzytzki: cigar factories J. Neumann AG Berlin-Hamburg: 75 years. Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1925, p. 4.
2. ↑ Stanislaus M. Zentzytzki: cigar factories J. Neumann AG Berlin-Hamburg: 75 years. Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1925, p. 90.
3. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Caris-Petra Heidel (Ed.): Social policy and Judaism. 1st edition Union Druckerei, Dresden 2000, p. 86.
4. ↑ Cf. Jacob Jacobsohn (Ed.): The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. (With additions for the years 1791–1809) . Berlin 1962. (= publications of the Berlin Historical Commission at the Friedrich Meinicke Institute of the Free University of Berlin, Volume 4, Source Works Volume 1).
5. ↑ Stanislaus M. Zentzytzki: cigar factories J. Neumann AG Berlin-Hamburg: 75 years. Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1925, p. 5, 16 and p. 18.
6. ↑ Stanislaus M. Zentzytzki: cigar factories J. Neumann AG Berlin-Hamburg: 75 years. Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1925, p. 6.
7. ↑ Stanislaus M. Zentzytzki: cigar factories J. Neumann AG Berlin-Hamburg: 75 years. Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1925, p. 19.
8. ↑
   
9. ↑ Stanislaus M. Zentzytzki: cigar factories J. Neumann AG Berlin-Hamburg: 75 years. Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1925, p. 19.
10. ↑ Stanislaus M. Zentzytzki: cigar factories J. Neumann AG Berlin-Hamburg: 75 years. Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1925, p. 19.
11. ^ Boris Becker: Düsseldorf in early photographs 1855-1914 . Schirmer / Mosel, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-88814-376-4 , p. 91.
12. ^ Address book of the city of Düsseldorf for the year 1899, first part. P. 307.
13. ^ Address book of the city of Düsseldorf for 1900, first part. P. 315.
14. ↑
    • Düsseldorf address book
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      Defeat of the cigar and tobacco factory J. Neumann from Berlin, branch Communicationsstr. 3 (Address book of the city of Düsseldorf for the year 1899, first part. P. 307).

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      Defeat of the cigar and tobacco factory J. Neumann from Berlin, branch Communicationsstr. 3 (Address book of the city of Düsseldorf for the year 1900, first part. P. 315).

15. ^ Architects and Engineers Association in Düsseldorf (ed.): Düsseldorf and its buildings. L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, p. 344. (Fig. 463 Communication Street 9th view; Fig. 464 Communication Street 9th floor plan, upper floor; Fig. 465 Communication street 9, floor plan ground floor.)
16. ↑ ^{a b} C. Birnbaum: In memoriam Hugo Neumann. In: Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums. Volume 79, 1912, p. 437.
17. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Caris-Petra Heidel (Ed.): Social policy and Judaism. 1st edition Union Druckerei, Dresden 2000, p. 85. ( Medicine and Judaism. Issue 5)
18. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Caris-Petra Heidel (Ed.): Social policy and Judaism. 1st edition Union Druckerei, Dresden 2000, p. 86. ( Medicine and Judaism. Issue 5)
19. ↑ Cf. M. Richarz: The entry of the Jews into the academic professions. Jewish students and academics in Germany 1678–1848. Tuebingen 1974
20. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Caris-Petra Heidel (Ed.): Social policy and Judaism. 1st edition Union Druckerei, Dresden 2000, p. 85. ( Medicine and Judaism. Issue 5)
21. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Caris-Petra Heidel (Ed.): Social policy and Judaism. 1st edition Union Druckerei, Dresden 2000, p. 89. ( Medicine and Judaism. Issue 5)
22. ^ Hugo Neumann: The illegitimate children in Berlin. Jena 1900.
23. ↑ Gerrit Kirchner: Dr. Hugo Neumann: "His whole life was a mitzvah". a pioneer in social pediatrics . Hentrich & Hentrich, Teetz u. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-938485-79-8 .
24. ^ Gerrit Kirchner: The Berlin Jewish pediatrician Professor Hugo Neumann (1858–1912) and his contribution to social pediatrics . Hentrich & Hentrich, Teetz u. a. 1999.
25. ^ Günter Regneri: Salomon Neumann: social medicine - statistician - city councilor . Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-942271-22-6 .
26. ^ Günter Regneri: Salomon Neumann (1819–1908): A biographical sketch on the 90th anniversary of the death of the organizer of the first "modern" Berlin censuses in 1861 and 1864 . In: Berlin Statistics. Statistical monthly . No. 4 , 1998, ISSN  1437-4196 , pp. 164-167 .
27. ^ Günter Regneri: Salomon Neumann's Statistivcal Challenge to Treitschke. In: LBIYB . tape XLIII , 1998, pp. 129-153 .
28. ^ Gerhard Baader: Salomon Neumann . In: Wilhelm Treue, Rolf Winau (ed.): Berlinische Lebensbilder . II medicin. Colloquium, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-7678-0700-9 .