Nevado del Ruiz
| Nevado del Ruiz
La Mesa de Herveo , Kumanday
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 Nevado del Ruiz in July 2007 |
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| height | 5321 m | |
| location | Colombia | |
| Mountains | To the | |
| Coordinates | 4 ° 53 ′ 0 ″ N , 75 ° 19 ′ 0 ″ W | |
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| Type | Stratovolcano | |
| Last eruption | 2012 | |
| First ascent | 1936 by M. Rapp and companions | |
Nevado del Ruiz is a volcano in the South American state of Colombia , the second highest active volcano in the northern hemisphere.
The cause of volcanism in this region is the submergence of the oceanic Nazca plate , which moves in a northeastern direction, under the continental South American plate , which moves in a northwestern direction . As a result, earthquakes and active volcanism occur time and again on the western edge of the continent .
Although the Nevado del Ruiz is only about 500 km north of the equator , its height is covered by a cap of ice and snow. The ice cap is melting, until the 1980s its size was over 20 km². An eruption in 1985 opened up cracks and channels in the ice cap. In the course of the global melting of the glaciers , the ice cover continues to decline; in 2016, 10.11 km² was left.
Based on rock and soil samples, the oldest eruption of the volcano is dated to 4660 years BC. Chr. Dated. After the Spanish conquered South America, the first eruption has been recorded in 1570.
The volcano's main Arenas crater lies on the northeast edge of the ice cap. Since the last three eruptions started from the Arenas crater, large mud avalanches of melted snow and ice, so-called lahars, occurred in a northeasterly direction as a result of the eruption .
1985 volcanic eruption
The Nevado del Ruiz caused a worldwide sensation on November 13, 1985 , when two and a half hours after the eruption of the volcano a mudslide reached the city of Armero , 47 km away , and buried more than 5000 buildings and over 22,000 people.
12-year-old Omayra Sánchez , who was stuck in a mud and rubble pit for three days and whose agony was followed in the media around the world , received special attention .
Mudslides of this kind on this volcano are known from the years 1595 and 1845 , the city of Armero was built on the deposits of one of these earlier lahars .
Volcanic activity 2012
Since April 2012 the Nevado del Ruiz has shown increased activity again. After a series of earthquakes, the volcano began to eject ash again in late May 2012. 1500 people were evacuated. At the end of June 2012, the Nevado del Ruiz erupted and spat an 8 kilometer high ash cloud into the sky. 2000 people were evacuated.
See also
Web links
Photos and videos
Scientific contributions
- Nevado del Ruiz in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- V. Camp: Nevado del Ruiz , How Volcanoes Work, Dept. of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Nevado del Ruiz in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- ^ Barry Voight: The 1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcano catastrophe: anatomy and retrospection . In: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research . tape 44 , 1990.
- ↑ Antoine Rabatel, Jorge Luis Ceballos, Natan Micheletti, Ekkehard Jordan, Michael Braitmeier, Javier González, Nico Mölg, Martin Ménégoz, Christian Huggel and Michael Zemp: Toward an imminent extinction of Colombian glaciers? In: Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography . 2017, doi : 10.1080 / 04353676.2017.1383015 .
- ^ Robert L. Schuster, Lynn M. Highland: US Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-0276 . 2001.
- ↑ Volcanic Eruption in Colombia: Avoidable Disaster? In: ZEIT ONLINE . ( zeit.de [accessed on May 5, 2018]).
- ^ Frankfurter Rundschau: Colombia: The disappeared city . In: Frankfurter Rundschau . ( fr.de [accessed on May 5, 2018]).
- ↑ Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz spits ash. derStandard.at , May 30, 2012, accessed on May 31, 2012 .
- ↑ Nevado del Ruiz is spitting again - thousands of people are fleeing n-tv.de, July 1, 2012.