Ngô Quyn

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Ngô Quyền (disambiguation) .

Ngô Quyn

Ngô Quyền ( Chinese  吳 權 , Pinyin Wú Quán , * 897 in Đường Lâm / Province Hà Tây; † 944 ) was general and later king of Viêt Nam. In 938 he was able to defeat the Chinese troops and thus ended the 1,000-year-old Chinese rule in Vietnam.

Ngô Quyền is the Vietnamese name for Wu Quan. He was the son of Wu Min ( Chinese  吳 旻 ) and a direct descendant of Wu Tai Bo . Coming from the then Chinese city of Jiaozhi (交趾), which is in today's Vietnam , he married the daughter of the powerful general there and took over the crown in 939 AD.

After the fall of the Tang dynasty in China, the subsequent short-lived dynasties no longer succeeded in maintaining supremacy in their province of Giao Chỉ ( Vietnam ). Ngô Quyn's father-in-law and Commander-in-Chief Dương Đình Nghệ took advantage of this weak "period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Empires " in China and rose up against the troops of the Southern Han Empire in 931 . After the victory, Dương Đình Nghệ proclaimed himself governor of Giao Chi. However, seven years later he was killed by his general Kiều Công Tiễn.

Ngô Quyền led his troops to Đại La ( Hanoi ) and eliminated Kiều Công Tiễn. In 939 he called himself Ngô vương (King of Ngo), also known in history as Tiền Ngô vương. Although his father-in-law Dương Đình Nghệ had defeated the Chinese troops, Ngô Quyền was considered the first Vietnamese king in Vietnamese history to end the long Chinese occupation in Vietnam after defeating the Chinese general Lưu Hoằng Thao. Historically seen as a military highlight was the battle on the Bạch-Đằng River , where he had heavy stakes erected in the delta and was able to destroy the Chinese ships when the tide set in.

Vietnamese historians such as Lê Văn Hưu (author of Đại Việt sử ký (History of Dai Viet) during the Time of the Tr Zeitn ) or Ngô Sĩ Liên of the Later Lê Dynasty (author of hat Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (Entire Book of History von Dai Viet)) described him in their works as a talented general who could overcome a superior force with small troops. As king of a new Ngô dynasty, he achieved what no one had before him: he led the Vietnamese people to independence. Dương Đình Nghệ did this too, but Dương Đình Nghệ was only governor of Vietnam according to the title.

Ngô Quyn's capital was in Cổ Loa . He ruled for only a few years and died in 944. He left his throne to his firstborn son Ngô Xương Ngập with his brother-in-law Dương Tam Kha as an assistant, but Dương Tam Kha drove Ngô Xương Ngập and made himself king with the title Dương Bình Vương. Ngô Quyền's second son Ngô Xương Văn was adopted by him. Dương Tam Kha's three attempts to arrest Ngô Xương Ngập failed. Having usurped the throne of the Ngôs, military leaders rebelled across the country. In 950 Ngô Xương Văn stood against him and declared himself king Nam Tấn Vương. He made his brother Ngô Xương Ngập King Thiên Sách Vương. After the death of Thiên Sách Vương in 954 and Nam Tấn Vương in 965, Thiên Sách Vương's son Ngô Xương Xí became king, but the power of the royal family was already lost. From 966 the country was divided into 12 areas of power. This period between the Ngô dynasty and the new Đinh dynasty was called " Loạn 12 sứ quân " (revolt of the 12 feudal lords) in Vietnamese history . From this fight Đinh Bộ Lĩnh emerged victorious. He became the first emperor of the Đinh dynasty , which replaced the Ngô dynasty after only 28 years of reign.

literature

• Li Feng: Landscape and power in early China: the crisis and fall of the Western Zhou, 1045-771 BC , Cambridge University Press, 2006
• 黄帝内经 - Huang Di Nei Jing, Huang Cheng Publishing House - 花城 出版社, 2004, ISBN 7-5360-4095-4
• HAN GAO ZONG seal book, biography of one of the first Han emperors
• Lun Yu (original text and translation), Zhong Gua Publishing House - 中华书局, 2006, ISBN 7-101-05418-8
• Shuo Wen Jie Zi - 說文解字, Zhong Hua Publishing House - 中华书局, 2004, ISBN 7-101-00260-9