Unorganized State
The myth of the unorganized state (Romanian: stat neorganizat ) was an ideological construct of the national communist historiography of Romania during the Ceaușescu era . The main purpose of this construct was to support a dogmatic interpretation of the so-called continuity theory and to fill gaps in this theory. The self-contradicting term “unorganized state” was first mentioned in the program of the Romanian Communist Party , which was adapted on December 18, 1974 and published in early 1975 .
Solution to a continuity problem
According to the Dako-Romance theory of continuity , the Dacians and Romans mixed early and remained in the country without interruption even after the withdrawal of the Roman garrisons. The question remains, why there were no Romanian states north of the Danube for 1000 years between the departure of the Romans (271/74) and the legendary beginning of the rule of the first voivodes or princes of Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia (1274). Instead, the Goths , Gepids , Huns , Avars , Bulgarians , Russians , Pechenegs , Cumans , Mongols and Tatars replaced each other in rule over the territories.
From 1974/75, communist historians developed protochronism further and modified it. Based on Nicolae Iorga's theses of an early People's Romania from the prewar period, they claimed that all conquerors between the “Gotensturm” and “Mongolensturm” had ultimately only passed through Romania or temporarily only dominated the most important places and connecting roads; as nomadic people, most of them would not have settled permanently. In addition, Romania would have been sparsely populated at the time, and the conquerors were not so numerous that they would have met locals everywhere. The indigenous Dako-Roman population has been pushed into more remote and less accessible areas (mountains, forests, swamps) or has withdrawn there. In small, non-governmental solidarity communities or free municipalities, the Dako Romans somehow organized their survival and continued existence. Contacts, cultural ties and alliances between these communities have always continued. Greater feudal rule, the voivodates, gradually emerged from the smaller communities.
“The decline of the Roman Empire and its withdrawal from Dazien [ie Dacien or Dacia] left behind a non-organized state on this territory , which was felt in the fighting and resistance to the onslaught of migrating peoples. For centuries, the new people that emerged from the merger of the Dacians and Romans - the Romanian people - had to wage a bitter, relentless struggle to preserve its essence despite historical adversity and to maintain continuity in the area in which it was created and developed had to secure [...] Gradually, at the same time as the migration of peoples ended, the population in the area of old Dazien began to organize their life in various small state structures. The creation of the voivodate marked a new era in the history of the Romanian people ... "
The Romanian historian Lucian Boia described the invention of an unorganized state as an attempt by the Ceauşescu regime to anchor communist Romania as deeply as possible in the past at all costs, thus making it one of the oldest nations in Europe. The national communist explanation that the Dako novels had withdrawn to remote areas was adopted by communist historians of the “brother states” of the Eastern Bloc (especially by the Soviet and East Germans), but not the term “unorganized state”.
literature
Primary literature
- PROGRAM OF THE ROMANIAN COMMUNIST PARTY for the building of the multifaceted developed socialist society and the advance of Romania towards communism: The historical development of the Romanian people on the path of economic and social progress, freedom and independence , page 29.Romanian press agency AGEPRES, Bucharest 1975
- Ilie Ceaușescu : The Entire People's War for the Homeland's Defense with the Romanians - From Times of Yore to Present Days , page 49. Military Publishing House, Bucharest 1980
Secondary literature
- Lucian Boia : History and Myth - About the present of the past in Romanian society , pages 20, 58ff and 147ff. Böhlau, Cologne 2003
- Christoph Kruspe, Jutta Arndt: Pocket Lexicon Romania , pages 71f, 91 and 216. Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig 1984
- Walter Markov , Alfred Anderle , Ernst Werner , Herbert Wurche: Kleine Enzyklopädie Weltgeschichte , Volume 2, Page 203.Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1979
Tertiary literature
- Elfriede Dörr: World Day of Prayer as a place of learning - Approaches to ecumenical prayer through the World Day of Prayer for Women , page 159. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2009
- Vasile Alexandru Talos: Church in the Apostolic Spirit - A Strategy for Building Indigenous Apostolic Congregations in the Cultural Context of Eastern Orthodox and Post-Communist Romania , page 58. ProQuest, Ann Arbor 2008
Web link
- antena3.ro from January 30, 2013: The 1000 years black hole in the Romanians history