Nicolas Henri Jacob
Nicolas Henri Jacob (born June 6, 1782 , † February 1, 1871 in Paris , France ) was a French draftsman . He is considered a pioneer of lithography , worked for 20 years as an illustrator and research assistant for the anatomist Jean Marc Bourgery .
family
He came from the family of the carpenter Henri Jacob (1753-1824), a cousin of the cabinet maker Georges Jacob, and Antoinette-Charlotte Prudhomme, daughter of the painter Nicolas Prudhomme. Nicolas Henri Jacob was married to the painter Charlotte Hublier (née Mast).
education and profession
He was a student of the painter Jacques Louis David and the sculptors Jean Jacques Morgan (1756–1799) and Antoine Léonard du Pasquier (1748–1831). In 1802 Jacob exhibited two pen drawings in the Paris Salon and was appointed court draftsman to Eugène de Beauharnais , Duke of Leuchtenberg , Prince of Eichstätt and Viceroy of Italy. From 1805 to 1814 he worked for his client in Italy (Milan) and after returning to France as a drawing teacher at the veterinary school (École Vétérinaire) in Alfort. Then he settled in Paris and opened a drawing school.
Jacob dealt early with the then new technology of lithography and did pioneering work in this area. In 1819 he presented lithographed portraits and subject drawings for the first time at an exhibition in the Paris Salon. Until 1824, lithographs by Jacobs (portraits, genre pictures, etc.) were regularly shown at exhibitions. In addition, he also began working as an illustrator for medical and scientific works at this time. From 1830 to 1850 he was almost exclusively engaged in the production of lithographed plates for the anatomical atlas of Bourgery. Although he still gave drawing lessons, he did not take part in exhibitions in Paris during this period.
Since 1849, after Bourgery's death, Jacob took part again with artistic works in exhibitions at the Paris Salon (1850, 1852, 1857, 1865). He also continued his work as a scientific illustrator, particularly in the field of paleontology , for scientific treatises and for the second edition of the Anatomical Atlas of Bourgery.
power
Jacob is regarded as a master of lithographic drawing technology and was involved in the illustration of the French translation of Alois Senefelder's famous treatise on lithography, contributed a frontispiece and a portrait of the inventor.
As an illustrator of scientific works, Jacob set standards. With Jacob, the artist has become a research assistant whose advice was sought and valued. Jacob passed this experience and the style of collaboration between artist and scientist on to numerous students.
The anatomical work
Jacobs' main work comprises 512 of 725 lithographed plates with 2,196 of 3,750 illustrations for the anatomical picture atlas ( Traité complet de l'anatomie de l'homme ; digitized version ), which was created in collaboration with Jean Marc Bourgery over a period of 20 years (1830-1850) . Bourgery refers to the peculiarity of this collaboration in the foreword to the first volume of the work: “The work that we both, Monsieur Jacob and I publish, should be viewed as the result of our joint efforts. We set out to present in good faith what seemed best to us, supporting one another with our knowledge. So when you take into account the entire duration of the huge project that we have set out to do, you should see Monsieur Jacob less as an assistant, whose special talent I make use of, than as a collaborator whose sensible advice will probably benefit me many times over. "
Bourgery and Jacob developed a uniform concept for their anatomical work with a consciously used ideal-type model organism and naturalistic appearance. All drawings that did not come from Jacob were made under his direction by students and employees.
| Illustrators and draftsmen | Contribution |
|---|---|
| Nicolas Henri Jacob | 512 lithographed plates with 2196 illustrations |
| Charlotte A. Hublier (-Jacob) | 48 lithographed plates with 492 illustrations |
| Jean Baptiste Léveillé | 44 lithographed plates with 213 illustrations |
| Edmond Pochet | 34 lithographed plates with 364 illustrations |
| E. Roussin | 32 lithographed plates with 178 illustrations |
| Rogat | 18 lithographed plates with 86 illustrations |
| Aumont | 13 lithographed plates with 43 illustrations |
| Alexandre Leroux | 9 lithographed plates with 25 illustrations |
| Tanning | 8 lithographed plates with 60 illustrations |
| Berrier | 3 lithographed plates with 5 illustrations |
| Louveau | 2 lithographed plates with 24 illustrations |
| F. Bion | 1 lithographed plate with 5 illustrations |
| Jules Méa | 1 lithographed plate with 59 illustrations |
Awards
- Medal at the Paris Salon Exhibition in 1824, for his work as a draftsman and lithographer
- Knight's Cross of the Legion of Honor , 1838
- Prix Monthyon (with Jean Marc Bourgery), 1843
Works
- Les trois principaux passages de la vie humaine , Portrait d'un jeune homme assis , pen drawings, 1805
- Grand portrait en pied du prince Camillo Borghese , Duchesse Laute et sa famille , Jeune femme au turban , 1817
- Traité d'anatomie topographique des régions du corps humain (with Philippe Fréderic Blandin), lithographic plates, 1826
- Traité des hernies inguinales dans le cheval et autres monodactyles (with Jean Girard ), lithographic plates, 1827
- Le génie de la lithographie , Portrait d'Aloys Senefelder , Tête d'amazone , 1819
- Traité complet de l'anatomie de l'homme: comprenant la médicine opératoire. (with Jean Marc Bourgery ), 8 volumes, Paris 1831–1854, digitized
- Anatomie élémentaire en 20 planches etc. Avec texte explicative, formant un manuel complet d'anatomie physiologique (with Jean Marc Bourgery ), Paris 1834–1842, Folio
- Mémoire sur une manière nouvelle de pratiquer l'operation de la pierre (with Guillaume Dupuytren ), lithographic plates, 1836
- scientific illustrations for the Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France , 1855–1857
- Traité complet de l'anatomie de l'homme (with Jean Marc Bourgery , Claude Bernard and with the help of Ludovic Hirschfeld ), 10 volumes, second edition, Paris 1866–1871
literature
- Jean-Marie Le Minor and Henri Sick: Atlas of Anatomy and Surgery by JM Bourgery and NH Jacob. In: JM Bourgery, NH Jacob: Atlas of Human Anatomy and Surgery. The complete colored plates of 1831-1854. Cologne 2005, pp. 40-41, ISBN 978-2-286-01268-7
- Natalie J. Lauer: The draftsman's contract with medicine. Aesthetics and science in the Bourgery & Jacob picture atlas. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8260-5045-9
- Reinhard Hildebrand: Bourgery and Jacob, Hirschfeld and Léveillé - on masterpieces of anatomical iconography from the heyday of lithography. In: Anatomischer Anzeiger . Volume 158, Jena 1985, pp. 363-372
- Emmanuel Bénézit : Dictionnaire critique et documantaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinatuers et graveurs. Vol. 5, 1956, pp. 93-94
- Georg Kaspar Nagler : New general artist lexicon. Volume 6, Munich 1838, pp. 385-386 ( online ); 3rd edition, Leipzig undated, Volume 7, pp. 215-216
- N. Legrand: Les dessins originaux de N.-H. Jacob. In: Bulletin de la Société Française d'Histoire de la Médecine et de ses filiales . Volume 8, Paris 1909, pp. 165-176
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reinhard Hildebrand: The anatomical illustration in the interaction between anatomist and artist. Lecture 3rd workshop of the Anatomical Society, Würzburg 1982
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Jacob, Nicolas Henri |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French draftsman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 6, 1782 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris , France |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 1, 1871 |
| Place of death | Paris , France |