Low energy house
A low-energy house is an energy standard for new buildings , but also for refurbished old buildings that fall below certain required energy-technical requirement levels.
The central basis of a low-energy house is generally an energetically efficient thermal insulation of the roof and the outer walls. Sufficient thermal insulation of the outer walls as well as the windows and the outer doors of the building ensure that the power required for heating can be low compared to the outside air temperature.
Requirements for a low-energy house
Germany
There is no uniform definition of the term low-energy building in Germany. In general, low-energy buildings are used when the energy consumption is well below the legally permissible values. The requirements of the Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV) apply to buildings in Germany . The EnEV limits the specific transmission heat loss H T 'of the building and the primary energy requirement depending on a reference house defined by the EnEV (building of the same architecture with specified U-values for all components) .
Furthermore, on the part of the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau ( KfW ), the term efficiency house is used as an energy standard for residential buildings .
In Northern Germany there is the "Low-Energy House Standard Schleswig-Holstein" for which specific requirements apply - here the maximum primary energy requirement according to EnEV [Q′′p in kWh / (m² · a)] for the building must be increased by at least 20% and the maximum permissible specific transmission heat loss (based on the envelope surface as the heat-transferring area of the building) [H ′ T in W / (m² · K)] are undercut by at least 30%. The buildings must be equipped with a defined ventilation system (mechanical ventilation system). The certification is carried out by the Working Group for Contemporary Building eV (ARGE).
With the introduction of the Europe-wide nearly zero energy building (nZEB), the term also loses its meaning. According to the definition by COHERNO, a nearly zero-energy building has an annual primary energy requirement of less than 40 kWh / (m² · a) and a specific transmission heat loss (of the building envelope) of less than 0.28 W / (m² · K). The lowest energy standard is still below the requirements of a passive house with a heating energy requirement of 15 kWh / (m² · a).
Austria: Class A + and A low-energy house, B low-energy house
For Austria, there are three standards, low-energy building B, zero-energy house A and A + and passive house A ++ ÖNORM H 5055 Energy certification of buildings for - mandatory for all buildings - energy certification :
| HWB in kWh / ( m² · a ) | category | Heating oil equivalent in l / a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 10 | A ++ | Passive house | 200-300 (a) |
| ≤ 15 | A + | Nearest energy house | 400-700 (a) |
| ≤ 25 | A. | ||
| ≤ 50 | B. | Low energy house | 1000-1500 (a) |
| ≤ 100 | C. | Target value according to building regulations 2008 | 1500-2500 (a) |
| ≤ 150 | D. | old, unrenovated buildings | > 3000 (a) |
| ≤ 200 | E. | ||
| ≤ 250 | F. | ||
| > 250 | G | ||
The lowest energy house standard is defined by the formula 10x (1 + 3.0 / lc).
Switzerland: Passive House and Minergiestandard
In Switzerland, a low-energy house is a passive house, these can be certified according to the Minergy standard , then the house is referred to as a Minergy Standard.
South Tyrol: KlimaHaus
In South Tyrol, the low-energy houses are divided into the classes KlimaHaus Gold, A, B or C. The state awards a badge depending on the proven KlimaHaus standard. Climate house "A" (heating energy requirement below 30 kWh / m²a) has been prescribed as a minimum standard for new buildings since January 2017. The KlimaHausagentur awards class R for energy-efficient renovations, for buildings that are built to save resources and are recyclable. the addition "nature" is assigned to the energy class.
example
An average single-family house with an area / volume ratio of 0.8 m² / m³ may e.g. B. according to EnEV a primary energy requirement of max. 121 kWh / (m² · a) and an H ′ T of maximum 0.49 W / (m² · K). Depending on the heating system selected, this results in the final energy requirement in liters of heating oil or cubic meters of gas .
Expressed in kWh: A low-energy house has a heating requirement of 40–80 kWh / (m² · a) (40–80 kilowatt hours per square meter and per year).
literature
- Cristina Benedetti: Building with wood. Planning details for low energy buildings . Bozen-Bolzano University Press, ISBN 978-88-6046-041-7
Web links
- CEPHEUS - Cost Efficient Passive Houses as EUropean Standards / Inexpensive Passive Houses as European Standards. Passive House Institute
- Research on energy-optimized building - model projects for low- energy buildings
- Energy-efficient single-family houses with comfort (BINE information service)
Individual evidence
- ↑ efficiency house.zukunft-haus.info
- ^ Energie Tirol (Ed.): Energy pass. Draw an energy balance! How much heating energy does a building use? Innsbruck 2009, p. 3, 5 ( tirol.gv.at [PDF; accessed on April 17, 2017] Aktion Tirol A ++ - An initiative by the State of Tyrol and Energie Tirol).