Nikolai Bunge
Nikolai Karl Paul von Bunge ( Russian: Николай Христианович Бунге , transcribed Nikolai Christoforowitsch Bunge; * November 11th July / November 23rd 1823 greg. In Kiev ; † June 3 jul. / June 15, 1895 greg. In Tsarskoye Selo ) was Rector of Kiev University and Russian Finance Minister .
Nikolai Bunge was the son of the physician Christian Gottlieb Bunge (* 1776 in Kiev; † 1857) and the grandson of Georg Friedrich Bunge . He was baptized in the Lutheran Church of St. Catherine in Kiev. Bunge was professor at the University of Kiev, from 1859 to 1880 its dean and from May 1859 to February 1862 in succession to Ernst Rudolph von Trautvetter , from May 1871 to May 1875 in successor to Oleksandr Matvjejew and again from September 1878 to March 1880 the rector the University. He was a supporter of moderate liberalism, private property and free enterprise (he believed it necessary to limit state intervention in the economy) and a critic of socialist and communist doctrines. In 1867 he supported the founding of the Kharkov Commercial Bank ( Харьковский торговый банк ) and the Kiev Private Commercial Bank ( Киевский частный коммерческий банк ), which fell into a crisis under his nephew Fli (e) in 1876.
The crisis that began in 1873 hit Russia particularly hard, and military spending in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had thrown state finances into chaos.
In 1880 he was appointed Deputy Minister of Finance to Saint Petersburg , on May 6, 1881, he became the Managing Director of the Ministry of Finance and, in 1881, Minister of Finance under Alexander III. He continued to work in the direction taken by Michael von Reutern . He undertook a number of reforms to modernize the Russian economy. He consolidated the empire's banking system and founded the Bauern-Agrarbank in 1883 to help farmers acquire land. This made it possible for a new class of large and medium-sized peasants, the kulaks , to develop new territory in southern Siberia or Central Asia . However, this also went hand in hand with the rural exodus of many farmers who did not own enough land of their own or none at all. The poll tax was abolished and the inheritance tax introduced. He protected Russian industry, promoted the construction of railways and established the first Russian labor law.
Under pressure from Conservative MPs who accused him of being unable to balance the budget deficit, he resigned in 1887. His successor was Ivan Alexejewitsch Wyschnegradski .
1887–1895 he was chairman of the Committee of Ministers. From 1890 he was a full academic for political economy and finance.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated January 6, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Christian Gottlieb bunge
- ↑ The Germans in the History of Kiev - Nikolai Bunge on the website of the Center for German Culture "Wiederstrahl" ; accessed on August 28, 2018 (Ukrainian)
- ↑ Biography Nikolai Bunge on the website of the National Taras Shevchenko University of Kiev; accessed on December 31, 2015
- ↑ Sergii Moshenskyi: History of the Weksel ; P. 251
- ^ TC Owen: The Corporation Under Russian Law, 1800-1917: A Study in Tsarist Economic Policy ; P. 104
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bunge, Nikolai |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bunge, Nikolai Christianowitsch (complete, transcribed); Bunge, Nikolai Karl Paul von (German); Бунге, Николай Христианович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Rector of Kiev University and Russian Finance Minister |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 23, 1823 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kiev |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 15, 1895 |
| Place of death | Sarskoye Selo |