Michael von Reutern
Michael von Reutern , in Russia also Michail Christoforovitsch Rejtern , from 1890 Count von Reutern (* 12 September July / 24 September 1820 greg. In Poretschje (since 1918: Demidow ); † 11 August July / 23 August 1890 greg. in Tsarskoye Selo (now: Pushkin )) was the Imperial Russian Finance Minister .
family
Reutern came from the respected German-Baltic noble family von Reutern . His parents were Christoph Adam von Reutern (1782–1833, Russian nobility), from Rösthof (Livonia), and his wife Caroline (Lina) von Helffreich (1789–1869, Estonian nobility). His father was a Russian lieutenant general and most recently the commander of the Bugschen Ulanendivison. The mother's parents were Gotthard Johann von Helffreich, auf Viol, Rawaküll and Errinal (Estonia), and Wilhelmine Juliane von Wrangell , but she was taken care of by Field Marshal Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly .
He was appointed on January 29, 1890 as the then Imperial Russian Real Secret Council , State Secretary and member of the State Council of the Russian Empire by Tsar Alexander III. in the Russian count conditions raised .
Life
Reutern was prepared for the Russian civil service in Saint Petersburg and, under the influence of his patron, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolajewitsch , who was head of the liberal reform movement after Tsar Alexander II ascended the throne, was appointed Minister of Finance in 1861.
He began by publishing the annual budget estimate, thereby enabling a previously unavailable control of compliance with it. An attempt by a Umwechslungs- fund the price of paper currency to lift failed in 1863. By contrast, he succeeded by reforming tax and customs laws, including through the abolition of brandy lease and the introduction of brandy - Excise government revenues significantly to so that in 1867 the chronic deficit was eliminated and surpluses had been achieved since 1873.
The sale of domains and state mines, from Russian America , today's Alaska , for 7.2 million US dollars and the Petersburg-Moscow Railway raised the state loan so that the railway bonds were taken out on favorable terms and the paper Ruble was close to the par rate .
The Russo-Turkish War annihilated part of Reutern's successes, and he said goodbye in 1878. He became a member of the Imperial Council, in 1882 after Tsar Alexander III. Accession to the throne President of the Committee of Ministers , but resigned from this position in 1888 as he was uncomfortable with the new, strict Russian direction.
Reutern died in August 1890 and is buried in the family crypt at Gut Ezere , which lies on the right bank of the Latvian-Lithuanian border river Vadakste . The crypt was built in 1879 and was not restored until 1990.
literature
- Klaus Heller: Reutern, Michael Graf von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 472 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Woldomar Graf von Reutern Freiherr von Nolcken: Financial restructuring of Russia after the catastrophe of the Crimean War 1862 to 1878 by Finance Minister Michael von Reutern . G. Reimer Publishing House, Berlin 1914.
Web links
- Literature list in the online catalog of the Berlin State Library
- Article Michael von Reutern in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Michael von Reutern. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Reutern, Michael von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Reutern, Michael Graf von; Rejtern, Michail Christoforovitsch; Reutern, Michael Christophorowitsch |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | imperial Russian finance minister |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 24, 1820 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Porechye , Smolensk Governorate |
| DATE OF DEATH | 23 August 1890 |
| Place of death | Tsarskoye Selo near Saint Petersburg |